1. A Simple Unified Control Plane for Packet and Circuit Networks Saurav Das, Guru Parulkar, Nick McKeown Stanford University

2. 2 Motivation PRODUCTIONRESEARCH NEEDED: Realistic ways to try out ideas at scale Many great ideas none transferred to Production networks

3. 3 New Ideas Mobility Management Network Security Energy Management Alternatives to BGP, new routing Network Measurement Things we haven’t thought of…

4. Motivation Deployment IdeaStandardize Wait 10 years Exceedingly high barrier to change Massive installed base of equipment & protocols – requires backward compatibility Rigid nature of platform – closed system, vendor proprietary OS Fear of network instability - discourages network operators from innovation - conservatively managed Power to control network no longer in SP’s hand

5. Software Control Router Hardware Datapath 20Million lines of source code 5389 RFCsBarrier to entry 500M gates 10Gbytes RAM BloatedPower Hungry ( 15 kW/shelf ) We lost our way Motivation

6. Software Control Router Hardware Datapath Authentication, Security, Access Control HELLO 6 MPLS NAT IPV6 anycast multicast Mobile IP L3 VPN L2 VPN VLAN OSPF-TE RSVP-TE HELLO Firewall Multi layer multi region iBGP, eBGP IPSec Motivation Many complex functions baked into the infrastructure We lost our way More coming ……

7. Software Control Transport NE Hardware Datapath LMP HELLO 7 UNI TL-1 GMPLS PBB-TE Carrier Ethernet MPLS-TP ASON ENNI intra ENNI inter OSPF-TE RSVP-TE HELLO CORBA L1VPN, L2VPN PCE PWE3 Motivation Lots of baggage from L3 We lost our way More extensions coming ……

8. A Clean Slate Approach 8 Goal: Put an Open platform in hands of researchers/students to test new ideas at scale Approach: 1. Define OpenFlow feature 2. Work with vendors to add OpenFlow to their switches 3. Deploy on college campus networks 4. Create experimental open-source software - researchers can build on each other’s work

9. 9 Open Source Networking What will networks look like in 10 years from now?

10. 10 De-coupling Control & Data Planes Routing Signaling Control Data

11. 11 Signaling Control Data Controller De-coupling Control & Data Planes

12. 12 Signaling Control Data Simple, Robust, Reliable Data Path Controller Decoupled Automated Control De-coupling Control & Data Planes Open Interface Into Hardware

13. The Flow Abstraction Rule (exact & wildcard) ActionStatistics Rule (exact & wildcard) ActionStatistics Rule (exact & wildcard) ActionStatistics Rule (exact & wildcard) Default ActionStatistics Exploit the flow table in switches, routers, and chipsets Flow 1. Flow 2. Flow 3. Flow N. e.g. Port, VLAN ID, L2, L3, L4, … e.g. unicast, mcast, map-to-queue, drop Count packets & bytes Expiration time/count

14. 14 Controller OpenFlow Switch Flow Table Flow Table Secure Channel Secure Channel OpenFlow Protocol SSL hw sw http://openflowswitch.org OpenFlow Switching Add/delete flow entry Encapsulated packets Controller discovery A Flow is any combination of above fields described in the Rule

15. OpenFlow is Backward Compatible Ethernet Switching * Switch Port MAC src MAC dst Eth type VLAN ID IP Src IP Dst IP Prot TCP sport TCP dport Action * 00:1f:.. *******port6 Application Firewall * Switch Port MAC src MAC dst Eth type VLAN ID IP Src IP Dst IP Prot TCP sport TCP dport Action ********22drop IP Routing * Switch Port MAC src MAC dst Eth type VLAN ID IP Src IP Dst IP Prot TCP sport TCP dport Action * * ***5.6.7.8***port6

16. OpenFlow allows layers to be combined VLAN + App * Switch Port MAC src MAC dst Eth type VLAN ID IP Src IP Dst IP Prot TCP sport TCP dport Action ***vlan1****80 port6, port7 Flow Switching port3 Switch Port MAC src MAC dst Eth type VLAN ID IP Src IP Dst IP Prot TCP sport TCP dport Action 00:1f.. 0800vlan11.2.3.45.6.7.841726480port600:2e.. port3 Switch Port MAC src MAC dst Eth type VLAN ID IP Src IP Dst IP Prot TCP sport TCP dport Action 08005.6.7.8 4port 1000:2e.. Port + Ethernet + IP * * ***

17. Controller Flow Example OpenFlow Protocol RuleActionStatisticsRuleActionStatisticsRuleActionStatistics A Flow is the fundamental unit of manipulation within a switch Routing

18. OpenFlow Status Commercial hardware Juniper, HP, Cisco, NEC, (Broadcom ) Deployed in 3 buildings at Stanford Deployed in Internet2 Plans for deployment in 7 other campuses, Other RENS – NLR, JGNII, Federica

19. 19 Can we create a way for networking researchers to test their ideas at scale…..in networks that include both packet and circuit switches

20. 20 OpenFlow & Circuit Switches Exploit the cross-connect table in circuit switches Packet Flows Switch Port MAC src MAC dst Eth type VLAN ID IP Src IP Dst IP Prot TCP sport TCP dport Action 20 Circuit Flows Out Port Out Lambda Starting Time-Slot Signal Type VCG 20 In Port In Lambda Starting Time-Slot Signal Type VCG Once we have a Flow abstraction, … does it really matter what the underlying switching technology is … packet or circuit?

21. VCG3 P1 VC4 1 P3 VC4 7 IN OUT 21 TDM Circuit Switch Fabric GE ports TDM ports Packet Switch Fabric OpenFlow (software) Packet Switch Fabric RAS RAS IP 10.12.3.4 + VLAN2, P1 VLAN2 VCG 3 OpenFlow (software) VLAN 1025 + VLAN7, P1 VLAN7VCG7 P1 VC4 4 P2 VC4 10 Mapping Packet Flows to Circuit Flows

22. 22 Simple Unified Control Plane Flow Network

23. 23 Simple Unified Control Plane Flow Network … that switch at different granularities: packet, time-slot, lambda & fiber Packet and Circuit Flows Commonly Controlled & Managed Simple, Unified, Automated Control Plane Simple,Robust,Reliablenetworkof FlowSwitches

24. Congestion Control QoS 24 OpenFlow enables innovation Network Recovery Routing Traffic Engineering Power Mgmt Security Discovery Service Provider not handcuffed to the limitations of the platform Returns control to the stakeholders of the network Open-source networking

25. Congestion Control 25 Example of what we could try..

26. Traffic Engineering 26 Example of what we could try..

27. Traffic Engineering 27 Example of what we could try..

28. 28 Example of others may try.. All Optical Network control New ways to plan and dimension networks Network recovery Network discovery Power management Things we haven’t thought of…

29. Summary 29 OpenFlow allows research community to try new ideas at scale  in networks with packet and circuit switches  leading to transfer of technology from research to industry – a transfer that barely exists today Suggests how networks might be architected in the future  allow new ideas to be tested in one slice  before being deployed in the production slice We are in the process of convincing circuit switch vendors to add the OpenFlow interface http://openflowswitch.org