2. Management in Ant Colony. Natural analogue of the resolution of social contradictions using TRIZ tools 1. Bogatyreva O.A Management in ant colonies: Natural analogue of the resolution of social contradictions using TRIZ tools. ETRIA Conference Proceedings, Strasbourg, Nov 6-9. 2002.

3. Contradictions In Ants Life Ant & Colony

4. Complex Contradictions The Ideal Result is to achieve cooperation without loss of reliability Ants have 2 dependent pairs of contradictions Specialization-Generalization. Cooperation - Competition. TRIZ does not have any prescriptions for complex contradictions solving Do ants have rules for complex contradictions solving?

5. How to Find Complex Contradictions Max Min SpaceTimeStructure/ Function Interactions Space Simple contradiction Complex contradiction Time Simple contradiction Complex contradiction Structure/ Function Simple contradiction Complex contradiction Interactions Simple contradiction

6. How to Solve a Complex Contradiction? Different Management As a Solution ContradictionsSolutions of simple and complex contradictions SpaceTimeStructure/ Function Interactions Specialisation Coordination III Generalisation Cooperation Controlling II Competition Specialisation Specialization Generalization Competition Cooperation Competition Governing IV Activation I

7. How to Detect a Complex Contradiction? To detect a second level contradiction: just find opposite arrows: it will be specialisation-competition on table 4. To solve the second level contradiction simply find the non-contradictory synchronous directions of the arrows

8. Types of Management in Ant Colony Activation. All ants are equal in ability for every task. The level of competition is so high that they have no stable interactions. Cooperation is based on activation: more active ants guide others to perform a particular function.

9. Types of Management in Ant Colony Controlling In the first part in its life an ant does all sorts of different tasks in the nest. When it chooses the speciality an ant joins the corresponding team. This is age polyethism. All teams are hierarchically organised and controlled by an older specialist. This cooperation is based on the role hierarchy.

10. Types of Management in Ant Colony Coordination This type of management is for ants with high level of colony complexity and strict specialisation, sometimes even morphological (castes). Ordinarily a colony does not need all tasks to be performed completely. As all castes are in surplus, unemployment follows. Strict hierarchy reduces competition to allow cooperation in this case.

11. Types of Management in Ant Colony Governing This was described for species with high complexity of social structure. An old ant, who has performed many different functions in its life, stays on the nest cupola and regulates all functions performed outside the nest.

12. How Do Ants Solve Simple Contradictions? Cooperation-Competition contradiction in interactions is solved by Controlling (II) management. Someone who likes doing something will attract and activate friends for this particular job. New function is added – attraction.

13. How Do Ants Solve Simple Contradictions? Functional contradiction Specialization-Generalization by Coordination (III). Adapted ant and adaptable society is achieved by strong behavioural hierarchy. Competition in this case is frozen in interaction structure: there is no point in fighting every time – all leaders are recognisable.

14. How Do Ants Solve Complex Contradictions? I. Function-Interaction contradiction is solved in time by Activation (I). Work simultaneously allows solitary foragers to recognise each other and to be friends (reduce competition ). Competition in activity is achieved by this solution. Generalization + Competition = Reliability

15. How Do Ants Solve Complex Contradictions? II - Governing (IV) solves the complex Function- Interaction contradiction To locate central government for outdoor work in a nest (solution in space). Specialization + Cooperation = Reliability

16. System Complexity and Ways of Complex Contradiction Solving.

17. Applying Ant Rules for Technique Contradictions Decisions SpaceTimeStructure/Function Time: Quick convertingConvert after transporting 1. To transport 2. Do not transport Structure/Function: To harden (slag) Do not harden 1. To delay hardening 2. To let slag harden Time – Structure/Function To transport To let slag harden Add ice as a new structure to make foam crust, which can be easy removed

18. Conclusions -1 Complex contradictions, previously unknown in TRIZ, are detected. Four types of ant management that solve simple and complex contradictions are described: Controlling and Coordination – for simple contradictions, Activation and Governing for complex ones.

19. Conclusions-2 Ways of complex contradictions solving are different according to the system complexity: Activation management - is for society with a simple structure and a small population, Governing – is for society of high complexity and large population.

20. Conclusions-3 Ant rule for simple contradiction solving is: look for a resolution in different spheres then contradiction is found. Ant rule for solving complex contradiction is: look for the resolution within other spheres then the resolution of the relatively simple contradictions will have been achieved.