1. CH 25 Review Earth’s Moon

2. The moon rotates and revolves at the same rate. This is the reason we see _______. –A. eclipses –B. phases –C. only one side of the moon

3. C. only one side of the moon

4. During _______ the moon is closest to Earth.

5. perigee

6. The moon rises and sets about ______ minutes _________ each day.

7. 50 later

8. The new moon and full moon occur about two weeks apart. –True –False

9. –True

10. What percent of the moon is always lit by the sun?

11. 50%

12. At _______ the moon is farthest from Earth.

13. apogee

14. The new moon occurs about one week after the third quarter moon. –True –False

15. True

16. The part of the moon that is lit by the sun is always facing _______ the sun. –A. away from –B. towards

17. B. towards

18. We see the phases of the moon because _______.

19. The moon orbits Earth

20. When the moon’s disk is smaller than the sun’s, we see a ________ solar eclipse. –A. Total –B. Annular –C. Partial

21. –B. Annular

22. If you see a new moon tonight, about how long will it be until you see the next new moon?

23. About a month/4 weeks/29.5 days

24. A lunar cycle of phases takes about _______ days.

25. 29-30 (29.5)

26. If the lit side of the moon is on the right and getting larger with each night, the moon is said to be _______. –Waxing –Waning

27. Waxing

28. When the moon’s disk and the sun’s disk are not completely lined up, we see a _________ solar eclipse. –A. Total –B. Annular –C. Partial

30. The new moon rises and sets at the same time as the sun. –True –False

31. –True

32. Lunar eclipses last a ______ time than solar eclipses.

33. –longer

34. Because of the way the earth’s atmosphere bends light, a lunar eclipse usually appears as a __________ color.

35. Reddish-orange/copper

36. When the moon’s disk is the same size as the sun’s and they are directly lined up, we see a ________ solar eclipse. –A. Total –B. Annular –C. Partial

37. –A. Total

38. If the lit side of the moon is on the left and getting smaller with each night, the moon is said to be _______. –Waxing –Waning

39. Waning

43. Ch 26 The Sun & the Solar System Review

44. Ptolemy developed the _________________ model of the universe.

45. geocentric

46. Copernicus described the ________________ model of the solar system.

47. heliocentric

48. When a planet appears to move westward in the sky instead of eastward, we call this ___________________________?

49. Retrograde motion

50. Ancient observers believed that the stars traveled around earth on a transparent _________________________________.

51. Celestial sphere

52. The Earth was in the center of the universe in the _________________ model.

53. geocentric

54. The ____________ was in the center of the solar system in the heliocentric model.

55. sun

56. ___________ proposed 3 laws of planetary motion based on the work of his predecessor Tycho Brahe. –A. Newton –B. Galileo –C. Kepler –D. Copernicus –E. Brahe –F. Ptolemy

57. –C. Kepler

58. What shape describes the path of a planet’s orbit?

59. A (nearly circular) ellipse

60. ______________ determined that gravity kept planets in their orbits. –A. Newton –B. Galileo –C. Kepler –D. Copernicus –E. Brahe –F. Ptolemy

61. –A. Newton

62. _______________ determined that planetary orbits were actually elliptical. –A. Newton –B. Galileo –C. Kepler –D. Copernicus –E. Brahe –F. Ptolemy

63. –C. Kepler

64. When Earth is closest to the sun it is called ___________. –A. Aphelion –B. Perihelion

65. B. Perihelion

66. When Earth is farthest from the sun it is called ___________. –A. Aphelion –B. Perihelion

67. –A. Aphelion

68. Which layer of the sun is visible & radiates the light that we see? –A. core –B. radiative zone –C. convection zone –D. photosphere –E. chromosphere –F. corona

69. –D. photosphere

70. The ________ is the outermost layer of the sun. –A. core –B. radiative zone –C. convection zone –D. photosphere –E. chromosphere –F. corona

71. F. corona

72. The _________ is the innermost layer of the sun. –A. core –B. radiative zone –C. convection zone –D. photosphere –E. chromosphere –F. corona

73. A. core

74. The ________ is the inner layer of the sun’s atmosphere & lies above the photosphere. –A. core –B. radiative zone –C. convection zone –D. photosphere –E. chromosphere –F. corona

75. –E. chromosphere

76. The l ies around the core, is in the plasma state, & is cooler than the core. –A. core –B. radiative zone –C. convection zone –D. photosphere –E. chromosphere –F. corona

77. B. radiative zone

78. In the ______________ rising & falling currents of plasma carry energy to the sun’s surface where it is radiated out into space as sunlight. –A. core –B. radiative zone –C. convection zone –D. photosphere –E. chromosphere –F. corona

79. –C. convection zone

80. The corona gives off a stream of electrically charged particles called ____________. –A. granules –B. sun spots –C. solar wind –D. solar flares –E. solar prominences

81. C. solar wind

82. Sunspots are dark spots on the photosphere. The reason they appear dark is because they are (cooler/hotter) than the surrounding area.

83. cooler

84. On average, sunspot activity is at it’s peak every _________ years.

85. 11

86. Dense clouds of material suspended above the sun’s surface by magnetic fields that can erupt off the sun in a few minutes or hours, extending 1000s of km before falling back to the sun’s surface are ________________. –A. granules –B. sun spots –C. solar wind –D. solar flares –E. solar prominences

88. ____________ are ou tbursts of light that suddenly rise from areas of sunspot activity & can last minutes to hours & increase in # with an increase in the # of sunspots. –A. granules –B. sun spots –C. solar wind –D. solar flares –E. solar prominences

89. D. solar flares

90. Retrograde motion is observed because ____________.

91. Planets orbit at different speeds (& one planet overtakes the other in its orbit)

92. The distance and period of a planet can be calculated using the 3 rd Law of planetary motion. Another name for this law is: –A. Equal area law –B. Harmonic law

93. Harmonic law

94. The gravitational attraction between two objects will be greatest is the objects have a (large/small) amount of mass and are (close together/far apart).

95. Large & close together

96. ____________ atoms join together in the sun’s core to form Helium.

97. Hydrogen

98. When atoms combine for form heavier elements it is called: –Fission –fusion

99. fusion

100. Calculate the eccentricity of an ellipse with the following measurements: d = 5 cm L = 5 cm Is there anything special about this ellipse?

101. e = 1 It is a straight line.

102. Calculate the eccentricity of an ellipse with the following measurements: d = 0 cm L = 25 cm Is there anything special about this ellipse?

103. e = 0 It is a perfect circle.

104. Calculate the eccentricity of an ellipse with the following measurements: d = 15 cm L = 30 cm Is there anything special about this ellipse?

105. e = 0.5

106. Ch 27 Review Planets & the Solar System

107. Name the inner planets

108. Mercury Venus Earth Mars

109. What lies between the inner and outer planets?

110. Asteroid belt

111. Where is the largest volcano in the solar system located?

112. Mars

113. What is another name for the inner planets (as a group)? Why are they called that?

114. Terrestrial planets b/c they are Earth-like

115. What are the characteristics of the outer planets?

116. Considerably larger than Earth gaseous, outer layer is mostly hydrogen gas –closer to center hydrogen is compressed into a hot liquid Much less dense than Earth All have ring systems

117. Why isn’t Pluto considered a planet anymore?

118. Oddity of the solar system –Not dense enough to be considered “terrestrial” –Too small to be “Jovian” –Strange orbit

119. What is the orbital period of Mars?

120. 88 Earth days

121. What is the relationship between the distance of a planet from the sun and its orbital period? Why?

122. The closer the planet is to the sun, the shorter its orbital period. As you go further away, the planet has a longer distance to travel and the sun’s gravity pulls on it less.

123. How long is Venus’ period of rotation?

124. 243 Earth days

125. On which planet is a day longer than a year?

126. Venus

127. Name all of the planets that have rings.

128. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

129. Which planet has seasons like Earth?

130. Mars

131. What are the characteristics of terrestrial planets?

132. Rocky crusts dense mantle layers very dense cores

133. What do we now consider Pluto?

134. Dwarf planet

135. What is the difference between a meteoroid, meteor, & meteorite?

136. Meteoroid = in space Meteor= moving through Earth’s atmosphere (“shooting star”) Meteorite= meteor that has reached Earth’s surface

137. Why does Mars have seasons?

138. It’s tilted on it’s axis (like Earth)

139. What is the difference between an asteroid and a meteor?

140. Asteroids are bigger

141. How long are seasons on Mars compared to on Earth? Why?

142. Twice as long b/c a year is twice as long

143. What is a satellite?

144. an object that orbits a planet

145. What are the two “planetary” neighborhoods that we can divide the planets into?

146. Inner planets Outer planets

147. Why is Venus’ temperature so high?

148. It has a dense atmosphere that is mostly carbon dioxide (CO 2 )  “runaway” greenhouse effect

149. What is another name for the outer planets (as a group)?

150. Jovian planets, Jupiter-like planets, gas giants

151. Comets spend most of their time _____________________.

152. Beyond Neptune’s orbit

153. What is the density of Saturn? Why is this special?

154. 0.7 g/cm 3 … it could float on water

155. Asteroids revolve around _____________.

156. The sun

157. What is the mass of Neptune (if Earth’s mass = 1)?

158. 17.151 (Earths)

159. What is Pluto’s mean distance from the sun?

160. 5,900 million kilometers

161. Name the outer planets

162. Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune

163. What is the equatorial diameter of Jupiter?

164. 142,800 km

165. How many moons does Venus have?

166. 0