1. Table of Contents 1.Demographics of Latin America 9.25 2.Encomiendas9.26 3. Gender Roles9.27 4. African Slavery9.28 5. Slave Life10.1 6. Haitian Revolution 10.2 7. Brazilian and Mexican Independence 10.3 8. Simon Bolivar10.9 9. Latifundios 10.10 10. Populism10.11 11. Liberalism in Sao Paulo10.15

2. Liberalism in Sao Paolo___10.15 liberalism: subsidies: Social Darwinism:

4. SOCIAL EFFECTS of caudillos: -disenfranchisement (90% don’t own land  can’t vote) -lack of social mobility (poor ALWAYS remain poor  difficult to obtain wealth w/o land) -polarized society (rich get richer; poor get poorer) - corruption (society based on WHO you know, not WHAT you know)

5. Liberalism Philosophy emphasizing freedom and equality Starts with the French Revolution Goals of Latin American liberals: democratic elections freedom of speech reduce the power of the Catholic Church abolition of slavery (in 1888 in Brazil)

6. Subsidies government money given to a business / group of people to help them survive/succeed. Ex: US gov’t subsidizes solar power companies Brazil’s gov’t in 1890: Provided subsidies for Italian immigrants to come to Brazil. Why? -replace the labor of African slaves -fear that blacks would outnumber whites

8. Social Darwinism 19 th century theory that some races are better adapted to succeed than others “survival of the fittest”  do not help the poor/weak eugenics: sterilization of “undesirable races” used to justify racism, discrimination, etc.

10. d

11. Your Opponent (the incumbent) Guilherme Domingos (governor for the last 12 years) caudillo (general who was an instrumental leader of the Brazilian independence movement)  patronage networks and populism In favor of the status-quo.

12. 1896 Election Campaign 1. Background reading (classwork today) 2. Powerpoint presentation (tomorrow) 3. Campaign poster (tomorrow / Wednesday)

13. Classwork Assignment You will be working in PARTNERS (unless you wish to work independently, in which case you will have to do everything on your own). In your notebook, write down FOUR details summarizing each section of the reading. If you divide up work with your partner, do NOT copy- at any point.

14. RACE AND LIBERALISM (longest reading) 1. the Spanish/Portuguese discriminated against Africans not so much because of their skin color, but because they believed that Africans were descendants of Noah’s son Ham. 2. 3. 4. WOMEN SAO PAULO AND COFFEE (shortest reading)

15. Election Campaign Powerpoint Create a PowerPoint presentation explaining the FOUR problems that Sao Paulo’s society faces. Minimum  4 slides, 4 quotations/evidence from the reading Should include images

16. Problem #1: (Achievement Gap) -within the American public education system, minority students are significantly more likely to drop out of school than white students. -there is also a growing gulf between male / female achievement- there are now more women than men in college. -Evidence: “Over the long term, only about one half of male students from minority backgrounds graduate on time” (reading)

17. Demographics of Sao Paulo Population of Sao Paulo: 80,000 50% white (Portuguese) 10% white (Italian, Irish) 20% mixed race (mestizos, mulattos) 10% African 10% Native American 55% female 45% male

18. 1896 Election Voter Participation: 80% white (Portuguese) 12% mixed race 5% African 3% white (Italian, Irish) 89% male 11% female