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Monitoring of volcanic SO 2 emissions using the GOME-2 satellite instrument USEReST Workshop 2008 Naples, November 12th, 2008 M. Rix, P. Valks, N. Hao,

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Presentation on theme: "Monitoring of volcanic SO 2 emissions using the GOME-2 satellite instrument USEReST Workshop 2008 Naples, November 12th, 2008 M. Rix, P. Valks, N. Hao,"— Presentation transcript:

1 Monitoring of volcanic SO 2 emissions using the GOME-2 satellite instrument USEReST Workshop 2008 Naples, November 12th, 2008 M. Rix, P. Valks, N. Hao, T. Erbertseder, J. van Geffen, C. Maerker, K. Seidenberger

2 Overview Introduction The GOME-2 instrument Examples of volcanic eruptions and degassing Etna, Italy, May 2008 Okmok, Alaska, July 2008 Papua New Guinea, 2008 Data application in volcanic early warning services Summary & Outlook Etna eruption seen from ISS, 2002 © NASA

3 Introduction Ground based monitoring only for limited number of volcanoes Space based atmospheric sensors (GOME, GOME-2, SCIAMACHY, OMI) make it possible to monitor volcanic activity on a global scale Changes in volcanic SO 2 flux can be indicator for volcanic unrest Monitoring on a daily basis Information about remote locations Near-real time information can be used for early warning services Exupéry GlobVolcano Promote/ SACS

4 The GOME-2 instrument GOME-2/MetOp-A is part of EUMETSAT Polar System (EPS) MetOp-A launched: 19 Oct. 2006, Operational: 15 May 2007 GOME-2 level-1 product: March, 2007 GOME-2 spatial/temporal coverage Orbit: sun-synchronous, 09:30h (descending node) Spatial resolution: 80x40 km 2 Global coverage in 1 ½ days GOME-2 spectral coverage Wavelength: 240 – 790 nm Resolution: 0.5 nm © ESA-AOES Medialab

5 GOME-2 SO 2 column product GOME-2 SO 2 columns produced by DLR in near-real time (Operational product) Within the framework of EUMETSAT's Ozone and Atmospheric Chemistry Monitoring SAF (O3M-SAF) SO 2 retrieval with Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) Retrieval in UV-Wavelength Region (315 – 326 nm), good sensitivity to SO 2 in lower atmosphere (volcanic degassing) Daily volcanic activity maps wdc.dlr.de/sensors/gome2

6 GOME-2 Volcanic Sulfur Dioxide

7 Etna Eruption May 10th, 2008 Transport of SO 2 cloud from Etna, 11th – 13th May, 2008

8 Etna Eruption May 10th, 2008 (Trajectory matching) Trajectory matching to determine source and height of the detected SO 2 “Trajectory matching and dispersion modelling of volcanic plumes utilizing space-based SO2 observations”, C. Maerker (Poster)

9 Etna Eruption May 13th, 2008 SO 2 cloud from Etna Erutpion detected by GOME-2 on May 14th, 2008 Etna Eruption detected by Meteosat-9 on May 13th, 2008

10 Okmok Eruption, 12th July 2008 © Alaska Airline, Kelly Reeves SO 2 cloud, July 12th – 14th, 2008 Aerosol Index July 12th – 13th, 2008

11 Okmok Eruption, 13th July 2008 © Alaska Airline, Kelly Reeves MODISAVHRR GOME-2 Trajectory matching

12 Volcanic Degassing (Papua New Guinea/ Vanuatu) Rabaul Bagana Ambrym © sailawaycriuise, Sonny Whitelaw © Simon Woolley © 2001, Donna S. Schafer

13 Volcanic Degassing (Papua New Guinea/ Vanuatu) Feb. 2008Mar. 2008Apr. 2008 May 2008Jun. 2008Jul. 2008

14 Volcanic Degassing (Papua New Guinea/ Vanuatu) RabaulBaganaAmbrym January11195.413605.218022.4 February37165.458731.121048.8 March30657.031328.919922.7 April25592.310140.518602.4 May38958.316464.419222.2 June34288.711971.029420.1 July45912.414293.129083.1 August29011.614751.729860.5 Total252781.1171285.9185182.6 Total SO 2 emissions in tons Jan. 2008 – Aug. 2008 Rabaul Ambrym Bagana

15 GlobVolcano Satellite Monitoring in Support to Early Warning of Volcanic Risk EO based integrated services to support volcanological observatories and other mandate users in their monitoring activities ESA/ DUE project GOME-2 SO 2 in GlobVolcano NRT retrieval of volcanic SO 2 SO 2 information for volcanic regions selected for GlobVolcano Optimal settings (background corrections, AMFs) for these geographical regions for better detection limit www.globvolcano.org

16 Exupéry- Volcano Fast Response System Development of a prototype mobile volcano fast response system Part of the German Geotechnology Program Combination of different monitoring techniques Satellite based observations Ground derformation Thermal anomalies Volcanic SO 2 SO 2 retrieval in NRT Daily SO 2 maps for volcanic regions supplied to database Other related SO 2 information (Maxima + Location, Threshold Levels) www.exupery-vfrs.de

17 Daily Volcanic Activity Maps wdc.dlr.de/sensors/gome2

18 Summary & Outlook Possibility to detect volcanic eruptions and degassing in NRT Operational product Daily information for different volcanic regions worldwide Especially degassing information is very valuable for early warning of volcanic risk Future work Optimize retrieval for degassing situations with low SO 2 amounts Use in combination with ground based measurements for validation and to estimate the detection limit for GOME-2 SO 2

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