1. Environmental Perspectives ENVM 649: Principles of Waste Management and Pollution Control Dr. Robert Beauchamp

2. SOURCE REDUCTION ISSUES n HEAVY METALS IN PACKAGING - REDESIGN & FORMULATION n BANNING METALS - TOXIC TO HUMANS PRESENT IN MSW n RIGHT TO KNOW CONCEPT- TOXIC RELEASE INVENTORY n TAX EXEMPT BONDS CAN ASSIST DEVELOPMENT OF DISPOSAL FACILITIES. n INDIRECT STATE SUBSIDIES FOR DISPOSAL FACILITIES n TAX CREDITS TO UTILITIES

3. RECYCLING ISSUES n WHILE LESS EXPENSIVE THAN LANDFILLING/ INCINERATION, ALLOWANCES CAN BE MADE FOR THEM. n COLLECTION COSTS CAN BE EXPENSIVE (CURBSIDE). n TRUCK DESIGN IMPACTS THE COST. n INVESTMENT IN MARKET DEVELOPMENT. n GREEN MARKETING – NEED ACCURATE AND RELIABLE INFORMATION TO MAKE PURCHASES THAT BENEFIT THE ENVIRONMENT.

4. COMPOSTING n DIVERTS WASTE & CONVERTS IT TO A QUALITY PRODUCT n MAY CONTAIN CONTAMINANTS. n LOSS OF RESOURCES.

5. INCINERATION n REDUCES AMOUNT OF MSW. n CAN CREATE AIR POLLUTION. (LEAD, DIOXIN, ASH) n HEAVY METALS n REQUIREMENT FOR MINIMUM TONNAGE OF WASTE.

6. COMPOSTING n REDUCING THE VOLUME & TOXICITY OF GENERATED WASTE –USE OF LESS PAPER PRODUCTS. –USE OF LONGER LIFE PRODUCTS. –REDESIGN OF MANUFACTURING PROCESS. –SUBSTITUTING LESS TOXIC PROCESS. –DIFFERENT RAW MATERIALS. –MORE DURABLE PRODUCTS. n INTERNALIZE COST FOR SOURCE REDUCTION.

7. LANDFILLING n SITING – CONSIDERATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT, ACCESS, LAND USE, JUSTICE FOR POOR AND MINORITIES. n DESIGN & OPERATION – LINER PROTECTION, LEACHATE & GAS CONTROL, LANDFILL DESIGNS, LITTER REDUCTION, SCAVENGER INHIBITORS, ACCESS, ETC. n LIABILITY – LONG TERM MONITORING