1. C-11 Review for test.

2. WHAT BASE ALWAYS PAIR WITH ADENINE IN DNA? THYMINE

3. WHAT BASE ALWAYS PAIR WITH GUANINE IN DNA? CYTOSINE

4. HOW MANY CARBONS ARE IN DEOXYRIBOSE SUGAR? FIVE CARBONS

5. WHAT TYPE OF BOND IS FOUND BETWEEN THE NITROGEN BASES? HYDROGEN BOND

6. WHAT IS CALLED DNA ON THE FIRST NOTE? BLUEPRINT FOR LIFE

7. WHAT ARE THE SUBUNITS FOR DNA?N NUCLEOTIDES

8. WHICH TYPE OF BOND IN DNA IS THE STRONG BOND? PHOSPHATE BOND

9. WHICH TYPE OF BOND IN DNA IS THE WEAK BOND? HYDROGEN BOND

10. WHICH TYPE OF BOND HOLDS AMINO ACIDS TOGETHER IN FORMING A PROTEIN? PEPTIDE BOND

11. WHAT PROTEINS ARE USED TO CONTROL ACTIONS WITHIN THE BODY? HORMONES

12. WHAT IS MAKING AN EXACT COPY OF DNA CALLED? REPLICATION

13. WHAT DOES DNA REPRESENT? (STAND FOR) DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID

14. WHO ARE THE TWOPEOPLE CREDITED WITH DISCOVERY OF DNA STRUCTURE? WATSON AND CRICK

15. WHAT IS THE SHAPE OF DNA CALLED? DOUBLE HELIX

16. WHAT ARE THE TWO PARTS THAT MAKE UP THE SIDES OF DNA? SUGAR AND PHOSPHATE

17. WHAT IS THE FIRST STEP IN THE REPLICATION OF DNA? UNZIP THE DNA

18. WHEN DOES REPLICATION OCCUR? INTERPHASE

19. WHAT ARE CHANGES IN THE DNA THAT MAY CAUSE PROBLEMS OR DISEASES? MUTATION

20. WHAT IS MAKING A mRNA STRAND FROM A DNA? TRANSCRIPTION

21. WHAT ARE THE THREE PARTS OF A NUCLEOTIDE? SUGAR,PHOSPHATE, AND NITROGEN BASE

22. WHAT BRINGS THE AMINO ACIDS TO THE RIBOSOMES FOR MAKING PROTEINS? TRANSFER RNA

23. WHAT ARE MADE UP OF THOUSANDS OF DNA MOLECULES? GENES

24. WHAT ARE PROTEINS USED AS IN THE BODY? HORMONES, ENZYMES AND TISSUES

25. WHAT NITROGEN BASE DOES RNA HAVE THAT IS NOT FOUND IN DNA? URACIL

26. WHICH IS A SINGLE STRAND? DNA OR RNA RNA

27. WHAT TYPE OF SUGAR IS FOUND IN RNA? RIBOSE SUGAR

28. WHAT NITROGEN BASE IS PAIRED WITH ADENINE IN RNA? URACIL

29. THE ORDER OF NITROGEN BASES DETERMINES THE PRODUCTION OF WHAT? PROTEINS

30. THE THREE mRNA BASES THAT CODE FOR AN AMINO ACID IS CALLED WHAT? CODON

31. THE THREE tRNA BASES THAT TRANSPORT AN AMINO ACID TO THE RIBOSOME IS CALLED WHAT? ANTICODON

32. WHAT IS THE PROCESS OF CONVERTING THE mRNA BASES INTO AMINO ACIDS? TRANSLATION

33. USUALLY THE FIRST CODON IS A _________ AND THE LAST CODON IS A STOPPING CODON. START CODON

34. A MUTATION IN THIS TYPE OF CELL CAN BE TRANFERRED TO FUTURE GENERATIONS? REPRODUCTION CELLS

35. A MUTATION IN THIS TYPE OF CELL CAN NOT BE TRANFERRED TO FUTURE GENERATIONS? BODY CELL

36. WHAT TYPE OF MUTATION IS THE CHANGE OF A SINGLE BASE PAIR IN DNA CAUSING THE WRONG AMINO ACID TO BE PUT IN THE PROTEIN CHAIN? POINT

37. WHAT TYPE OF MUTATION IS THE ADDITION OR DELETION OF A BASE THAT CAUSES A COMPLETE CHANGE IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE BASES? FRAMESHIFT

38. WHEN DO CHROMOSOMAL MUTATION OCCUR? DURING MEIOSIS

39. WHICH TYPE OF BOND IN DNA CONNECTS THE SUGARS? PHOSPHATE BOND

40. TRUE OR FALSE: ALL MUTATIONS ARE HARMFUL. FALSE

41. TRUE OR FALSE: POINT MUTATIONS ARE LESS HARMFUL THAN FRAMESHIFT MUTATIONS. TRUE

42. TRUE OR FALSE: POINT MUTATIONS CAN BE FOUND IN BOTH REPRODUCTIVE CELLS AND BODY CELLS. TRUE

43. TRUE OR FALSE: GENES ON THE CHROMOSOMES ARE MADE A FEW DNA CHAINS. FALSE

44. TRUE OR FALSE: ALL ORGANISMS HAVE THE SAME ORDER FOR THEIR DNA. FALSE

45. TRUE OR FALSE: THERE MUST BE A STARTING AND A STOPPING CODON. TRUE

46. WHAT ARE ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS THAT CAUSE CHANGE IN DNA CALLED? MUTAGENS

47. WHERE ARE THE PROTEINS MADE? RIBOSOMES

48. WHEN AN PART OF A CHROMOSOME AND INSERTED IN A DIFFERENT CHROMOSOME THIS MUTATION IS CALLED? TRANSLOCATION

49. WHEN AN PART OF A CHROMOSOME IS INSERTED BACKWARDS THIS MUTATION IS CALLED? INVERSION

50. WHEN AN EXTRA PART OF A CHROMOSOME IS ADDED CAUSING A DUPLICATION OF GENES THIS MUTATION IS CALLED? INSERTION

51. WHICH IS FOUND ONLY IN THE NUCLEUS?DNA OR RNA DNA

52. WHICH ONE MAKES THE PROTEINS? DNA OR RNA RNA

53. WHAT DETERMINES THE TYPE OF PROTEIN BUILT BY THE CELL? ARRANGEMEN OF DNA BASES

54. WHEN AN PART OF A CHROMOSOME AND INSERTED IN A DIFFERENT CHROMOSOME THIS MUTATION IS CALLED? TRANSLOCATION

55. IF ALL CELLS CONTAIN THE SAME DNA WHY ARE THEY DIFFERENT OR WHY DO THEY HAVE DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS? PART OF IT IS TURNED OFF

56. WHAT ARE PROTEINS MADE OF? AMINO ACIDS

57. MUTATIONS IN BODY CELLS MAY RESULT IN WHAT PROBLEM THAT MAY KILL MANY PEOPLE? CANCER

58. CHROMOSOMAL MUTATIONS ARE ESPECIALLY COMMON IN WHAT TYPE OF ORGANISMS? PLANTS

59. MANY CHROMOSOME MUTATIONS RESULT WHEN CHROMOSOMES FAIL TO SEPARATE DURING WHAT PROCESS? MEIOSIS

60. THE END STUDY YOUR NOTES AND QUESTIONS