1. Section 11-2 From DNA to Proteins

2.  Enzymes control all the chemical reactions of an organism  Thus, by encoding the instructions form making proteins, DNA controls cells.

3. RNA vs. DNA DNA:  Double Stranded  Sugar is Deoxyribose  Contains Thymine to pair with Adenine RNA:  Single Stranded  Sugar is Ribose  Contains Uracil to pair with Adenine

4.  RNA takes instructions from DNA on how to assemble proteins and then they assemble the protein one amino acid at a time.

5. 3 Types of RNA  Messenger RNA (mRNA) – bring the information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm  Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) – makes up ribosomes  Transfer RNA (tRNA) – transports amino acids to the ribosome to be assembled into a protein.

6. Transcription  Occurs in the nucleus  Changes DNA to RNA  1. Enzymes unzip the DNA molecule  2. Free RNA nucleotides pair with complementary DNA nucleotides on one of the DNA strands.

7. Transcription cont.  3. When the process of base pairing is completed, the mRNA breaks away as the DNA strands rejoin. The mRNA leaves the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm.

8. DNA to RNA DNA: T G A T C G C T A RNA: A C U A G C G A U