1. DNA & RNA

2. DNA Structure  Double stranded – long – can’t leave nucleus  Nucleotides – deoxyribose, phosphate, base  bases  A, T, G, C Function  Stores / transfers genetic information  Provides instructions for making PROTEINS

3. RNA Structure  Single stranded – short – CAN leave nucleus  Nucleotides – ribose, phosphate, base  bases CC GG AA  U = URACIL instead of T  THERE IS NO “T” IN RNA! Function  Carries protein-making instructions from nucleus to ribosome

4. 3 types of RNA 1- mRNA = messenger RNA 2- rRNA = ribosomal RNA 3 – tRNA = transfer RNA

6. By controlling PROTEIN SYNTHESIS….. DNA controls cellular structure and function

7. Ribosomes of any living creature can produce protein from any creature’s RNA……….. AMAZING HUH?

8. Genetic Language CODON  “triplet” code with 3 RNA bases  Acts as a word in the genetic language  Each codon codes for a specific amino acid

9. Reading the DNA code Codon Dictionary

10. Find the following amino acids 1- GAC 2-UUU 3-AUC

11. Find the following amino acids 1- TTA 2- TAG 3- TCA

12. Special codons “start”  AUG  Codes for methionine (amino acid)  Unless it’s used after a “stop codon” Then it tells ribosome to “start making new protein here” “stop”  UAA, UAG, UGA  Tells ribosome to “stop making new protein here”