1. -heterotrophs, multi-cellular, eukaryotes -no cell walls

2. Invertebrates- no backbone, 95% of all animals Vertebrates- backbone Motile- free moving, most animals are motile for some part of their life Sessile- permanently attached Herbivore- plants Carnivores- meat Omnivore- both Detrivore- decaying matter

3. Feeding- many options Respiration- take in O2, give out CO2 Circulation- diffusion or a system Excretion- remove ammonia Response- nerves, ganglion (cluster of nerves) Movement- muscles Reproduction- most are sexual, some hermaphrodites

4. Radial Symmetry- body parts from a central point Bilateral- arranged in pairs on both sides, mirror image

5. Fertilization > zygote > blastula > blastopore (opening) Protostome-becomes mouth Deuterostome- becomes anus

6. Endoderm- linings of digestive & respiratory tract Mesoderm- muscles, circulatory, reproductive, excretory Ectoderm- sense organs, nerves, skin

7. Most ancient animals Pores all over body Sessile No mouth, gut, tissues, organ systems

8. Asymmetrical body- walls around central cavity Choanocytes/ collar cells- use flagella to move water through Osculum- opening at top, removes water Pores- bring water in Spongin-protein fibers Spicules- spikes made of silicon dioxide

9. Food: filter using choanocytes Response: no nerves, produce toxins to prevent predators Reproduction: Sexual & Asexual Hermaphrodites Internal fertilization- carried by water to different sponge Larva- immature stage, motile Asexual- budding (part breaks off and makes new) Gemmules- harsh conditions

10. Mutually beneficial to bacteria, algae, protists Provide food in exchange for protection Spicules of sponge focus light for mutual organism (photosynthesis) Human uses: bath sponges, painters

11. Soft-bodied, carniverous, under water Cnidocytes- stinging cells on tentacles Nematocyst- on each cnidocyte, poison filled darts

12. Body: radial Polyp- mouth is up, sessile, tentacles up, vase Medusa- bell shaped, mouth down, motile Digestion: Gastrovascular cavity Epidermis Mesoglea gastroderm

13. Response: nerve net Statocysts-detect gravity Ocelli- eyespots Movement: hydrostatic skeleton- muscles Jet propulsion Reproduction: sexual & asexual Polyps-budding Are male or female External fertilization- meet in water

14. 1.Class Scyphozoa- Jellyfish Mainly medusa 2.Class Hydrozoa- Hydras & Portuguese Man O War Many polyps, no medusa stage 3.Class Anthozoa- Coral & Sea Anemones Only polyps 60% of energy is provided by photosynthetic algae living inside

15. Giant Jellyfish http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u0I-3wkH37w&feature=related Comb Jelly http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G7WT81ukHZE Portuguese Man of War http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RBdCpcapB0s Jellyfish Reproduction http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ct9KyLmnu0I

16. Coral reefs-HHMI https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ZfGIKiSwwQ&list=UUdof q4hHbT3ZDzgYUqsDd1A&index=1&utm_source=BioInteractive +News&utm_campaign=05ac6c5c0d- BioInteractive_News_Vol_3411_11_2014&utm_medium=email &utm_term=0_98b2f5c6ba-05ac6c5c0d-69298381 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ZfGIKiSwwQ&list=UUdof q4hHbT3ZDzgYUqsDd1A&index=1&utm_source=BioInteractive +News&utm_campaign=05ac6c5c0d- BioInteractive_News_Vol_3411_11_2014&utm_medium=email &utm_term=0_98b2f5c6ba-05ac6c5c0d-69298381