1. Engineering Systems: The PhD Program PhD Students Meeting March 7 th, 2008 Yossi Sheffi

2. - 2 - The Challenge “What MIT is good for: a dose of reality- based hope that we can help address in a real way the most serious of the world's great challenges." -Susan Hockfield, June 9th, 2007

3. - 3 - The Challenge -Charles M. Vest, Nov 2 nd, 2007 “Imagine the excitement of working on the frontiers of macroscopic engineering--- the domain of larger and larger and more and more complex systems for energy, the environment, communications, health care, manufacturing, and logistics. Innovation and success here will be essential for meeting the daunting challenges of a world with a burgeoning population, limited resources, and justified demands for a better quality of life and more economic opportunity.”

4. - 4 - A New Century With New Engineering Frontiers Nano Bio Info Macro Energy Environment Health care Manufacturing Communications Security Supply chains Smaller Faster More complex Engineering ScienceEngineering Systems Source: C. Vest, NAE President, June 2007 Larger More complex Involving people and services Greater social impact

5. - 5 - A New Century With New Engineering Frontiers Nano Bio Info Macro Energy Environment Health care Manufacturing Communications Security Supply chains Natural Science Engineering Social Science Management Engineering ScienceEngineering Systems

6. - 6 - A New Century With New Engineering Frontiers Nano Bio Info Macro Energy Environment Health care Manufacturing Communications Security Supply chains Natural Science Engineering Social Science Management Engineering ScienceEngineering Systems

7. - 7 - Engineering Systems *Used both as a verb and an adjective Engineering* Systems:Large, complex systems involving technology, people and services Complex systems Socio-technical systems Context-sensitive (engineering)  ES extends the range of problems that universities define as engineering  ES defines the “design space” to include some constraints and boundaries as decision variables  ES solution approaches involve more representations and more communities in addition to the engineering perspective  ES adds new problem framing and modeling approaches to the current engineering arsenal

8. - 8 - Fundamental Engineering Systems Thinking Methodology Advanced Engineering Systems Thinking Domain/ Context The PhD Program  Engineering background  Experience Valued

9. - 9 - Doctoral student in ESD should be able to build on fundamental and advanced engineering systems thinking knowledge to frame large scale complex problems in one or more domains/contexts of interest, apply an established methodology, or a combination of methodologies; uncover the principles and articulate the properties underlying such systems, thereby adding to the developing knowledge of engineering systems. The PhD Program

10. - 10 - Fundamental Engineering Systems Thinking - 3 subjects –This is the knowledge we expect all ESD PhD students to have, regardless of their area of research: 1. ESD PhD seminar (ESD.83) 2. Models, Data, Inference for Socio-technical Systems (ESD.86) 3. Social Science Concepts and Methods—Developing a single required social science methods class is a priority - discussion and work is well underway - to be offered AY08/09. –We have a need for coordination of the content in these three subjects

11. - 11 - Domains/Contexts  Examples - Expected Depth - 3 subjects (or equivalent) Aerospace Education Energy/Environment Health Care Information Technology Infrastructure Manufacturing Materials Telecommunications Transportation

12. - 12 - (Established) Methodologies  Examples - Expected Depth - 3 Subjects Control Theory Economics Operations Research Systems Engineering, Analysis and Evaluation Modeling and Simulation including Enterprise Modeling, Design and Architecting Management Concepts and Methods

13. - 13 - Advanced Engineering Systems Thinking  Student takes a minimum of 1-2 subjects from what, we hope, will be a rich list  Some of these subjects will likely “fly up” to the fundamental (required) set  A target for curriculum development-- this is a mechanism for stretching our definition of the engineering systems field

14. - 14 - ESD PhD Overall Requirements This is in the range of 12-13 subjects, about 150 units beyond the SB in accord with MIT practice. Often some subjects taken in SM programs at MIT or elsewhere can be applied toward the 150-unit requirement. We note these are minimum requirements. Students may choose to take more units or may be asked by their committee to do so. Fundamental Engineering Systems Thinking 3 Subjects Domains/Contexts3 Subjects (or equivalent) Methodology3 Subjects Advanced Engineering Systems Thinking 1-2 Subjects Additional Electives2-3 Subjects

15. - 15 - The General Exam  A creature of both the ESD faculty and the student’s committee. The decision on whether the student has passed or failed the general exam is ultimately the province of the ESD faculty-at-large. It tests both the candidate’s knowledge in engineering systems and potential to do PhD-level research.  Two written questions (of four) on the general exam build on fundamental engineering systems material. (ESD.86, Social Science Concepts and Methods)

16. - 16 - General Exam - Oral  The oral exam would be largely as we conduct it now—a student submitting a research paper when he or she picks up the written exam. As it is currently, this paper is not a formal thesis proposal, but rather is intended to demonstrate that the candidate has PhD-level research potential.  ESD faculty beyond the committee would be present at the oral exam. We need a formalization of this to insure adequate and equitable coverage at each oral exam.

17. - 17 - Breadth, Depth and Scholarship  The ESD PhD is an especially challenging one given the combination of breadth and depth it requires — breadth in several fields---for example, in engineering, in engineering systems thinking, in social science and in management --- and depth in methodology and domain/context. Attaining this combination will necessarily take time; we expect on average four years beyond the master ’ s spent working in our community of scholars will be needed, although, of course, this will vary among individual students.  While our students may go into academia, research or practice in the public and private sectors, our expectation is that the student's dissertation will be a scholarly contribution and that all our ESD PhDs could be competitive for faculty positions, whether or not they choose to seek such posts.

18. - 18 - Structure for Evolution This is a structure for evolution for the ESD PhD program. The content of the program will and should change as the engineering systems field matures.

19. - 19 - Questions? ? ? ? Yossi Sheffi sheffi@mit.edu ? ? ?