1. Quote Monday May 4 th, 2009 (5/4/2009) Required Materials:  Composition Notebook  Pen/Pencil Time Given:What We Will Do: 3 minutes 1 minute 2 minutes 20 minutes Warm Up: “What do you know about Shakespeare?” This Week Preview Ending The Year With Shakespeare… PP Notes: “Getting to Know Bill.” PP Notes: “Julius Caesar and the Roman Empire.” “Shakespeare was not of an age, but for all time!” --Ben Johnson, Preface to Shakespeare’s First Folio

2. Time Given: 3 minutes Our last unit of the year is Julius Caesar, a play by William Shakespeare. 1.Tell me anything you can about William Shakespeare. Have you ever read any of his plays or sonnets (“Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day”)? What is your opinion of him and his works? 2.Tell me anything you can about the Roman Empire and/or Julius Caesar. Monday May 4 th, 2009 (5/4/2009)

3. This Week Preview DayWhat Are We Doing? MondayNotes on Shakespeare and the Roman Empire. TuesdayLearning How to Read A Play: A Marriage Proposal WednesdayEarly Release Day. Quiz on Shakespeare/Roman Empire Notes. Thursday/ Friday Common End of Course Exams (CEOCE): Short/Extended Response Questions Only. After test, examination of old, middle, and modern English. Then, practice translating from middle English to modern English for Shakespeare.

4.  Many of you will ask why we end this class on Shakespeare.  In fact, every other 10 th grade class has already started or finished their Shakespeare unit.  So, why do we end on it? Ending the Year With Shakespeare

5.  Reason #1: Lexile score on Julius Caesar is about 1100—you will need everything you’ve learned in this class (plot, characterization, numerology) to make sense of this play. Ending the Year With Shakespeare

6.  Reason #2: Shakespeare is the mostly widely known literary figure—his books are found in almost every home in the world—he is second only to the Bible. You need to know who he is and what his plays are about. Ending the Year With Shakespeare

7.  Reason #3: It’s about having fun! It’s no longer about one person reading and everyone else following along. A play is read by EVERYONE— most of you in here will read for one character, who will become part of your memory forever. Ending the Year With Shakespeare

8.  Reason #4: If you can master Shakespeare, you can master any text in the world… Ending the Year With Shakespeare

9.  Are you serious enough to master Shakespeare?  If you are and receive an “A” on your Julius Caesar exam in 4 weeks, you will have earned the right to call William Shakespeare by his nickname: The Challenge

10.  Are you serious enough to master Shakespeare?  If you are and receive an “A” on your Julius Caesar exam in 4 weeks, you will have earned the right to call William Shakespeare by his nickname:  Bill The Challenge

11.  Of course, it all starts with notes… The Challenge

12.  Lived from 1563 to 1616 in England  Wrote 37 plays/154 sonnets  Plays consisted of three types:  Comedies  Tragedies  Histories William Shakespeare

13.  Plays consisted of three types:  Comedies  Tragedies  Histories  Plays could be a mixture of these types, such as tragicomedy, or a historical comedy. William Shakespeare

14.  Plays were performed in the Globe Theatre. The Globe Theatre

16.  Roofless, or “open-air” design.  No artificial lighting = no plays at night. The Globe Theatre

17.  Stage is a platform that extended into the main area.  Trap door under stage used for ghosts.  2 nd floor stage area used for “angels.”  No scenery  Lots of props  Elaborate costumes The Globe Theatre (Staging)

18. The Globe Theatre

19.  Wealthy got benches to sit in.  Poor stood by stage, hence they are called “Groundlings.” The Globe Theatre (Spectators)

20.  Groundlings gave rise to the phrase, “break a leg.”  Groundlings stood near the stage, looking up, which produced drool.  The more popular the play, the more groundings, the more drool.  The stage would get wet, the actors would fall and hurt themselves. The Globe Theatre (Spectators)

21.  Only men and boys could act.  Women were not allowed to appear on stage. The Globe Theatre (Actors)

22.  Remember back to Sijo poetry—it took you about 5 minutes to make 3 lines, each with 14-16 syllables. Shakespeare’s Plays

23.  What if I told you that every line in Shakespeare’s plays had 10 lines in them?  Let’s test this idea… Shakespeare’s Plays

24.  Iambic pentameter = 5 feet (10 syllables) per line. Shakespeare’s Plays

25.  In a play, stage directions are needed to express action or behaviors that cannot be spoken, such as stabbing someone or thinking about something. Shakespeare’s Plays (Stage Directions)

26.  Aside: speech not meant to be heard by other characters. Shakespeare’s Plays (Stage Directions)

27.  We’ll take a look at:  Economy  Religion  Government Roman Empire Background

28.  Focused on agriculture (farming) and trading.  Winning wars meant winning slaves.  Rome became dependent on slaves to survive. Roman Empire Economy

29.  Developed a coinage system called the Drachma. Roman Empire Economy

30.  1 Drachma = $40 USA Roman Empire Economy

31.  Every person has a soul.  Religion = interaction between man and the gods. Roman Empire Religion

32.  Roman culture is based around the idea of Fate, or Destiny: events in life are destined to occur. Roman Empire Religion

33.  In Roman Culture, one could actually pray to the three goddesses who represented “The Fates.” Giving money to their temple and worshipping them would perhaps change your fate.  Nona - spun the thread of life (when you are born)  Decima - measured the thread of life (how long to live)  Morta - was the cutter of the thread of life (when to die) Roman Empire Religion

34. The Fates

36.  Julius Caesar will deal with issues of Fate/Destiny—can one change what has been decided by the Gods? Roman Empire Religion

37.  From beginning to end, Rome saw many different types of government, two of which are applicable to Julius Caesar. Roman Empire Government

38.  When Rome was founded, it was ruled by a King, who ruled with absolute power.  After a time, the Roman people decided they did not want one man making decisions for everyone. They decided that they should elect representatives chosen by the people to speak for the people. This was called the Senate.  After a time, the people were unhappy with the decisions being made by the Senate. They wanted to go back to a King, but wanted to split the power between three Kings, instead of just one. This is called… Roman Empire Government

39.  The First Triumvirate:  Pompey  Crassus  Julius Caesar (yes, the one from our play!) Roman Empire Government

40.  The First Triumvirate ruled for a time, but Crassus was killed by being forced to drink liquid gold to symbolize his thirst for riches in life.  When Crassus died, it left a power struggle between Pompey and Julius Caesar for control of Rome.  Fortunately, Pompey was married to Caesar’s only daughter, Julia, who at the time was pregnant with Pompey’s child. Roman Empire Government

41.  However, while giving birth, Julia died with her child, severing the only link between Caesar and Pompey.  Pompey fled Rome with his troops. Caesar and his army chased after him and defeated him near Egypt.  Rome is now controlled by Caesar alone. Roman Empire Government

42.  This is where our play, Julius Caesar begins.  Pompey is defeated.  Caesar is returning to Rome to celebrate his victory. Roman Empire Government

43.  When Caesar returns to Rome, he is assassinated by his friends, included his best friend, Brutus. Roman Empire Government

44.  With no one in power, chaos erupts, until the birth of… Roman Empire Government

45.  The Second Triumvirate:  Octavian (small character in our play)  Mark Antony (BIG character in our play)  Lepidus (small character in our play) Roman Empire Government

46.  When Caesar returns to Rome, he is assassinated by his friends, included his best friend, Brutus. Roman Empire Government

47.  Our 5-Act Play:  Act I: Caesar returns to Rome.  Act II: Friends conspire to kill Caesar.  Act III: Caesar is assassinated.  Act IV: Second Triumvirate meets.  Act V: Battle between the murderers of Caesar and the Second Triumvirate. Roman Empire Government

48.  We will be reading a practice play to prepare us for Julius Caesar. Tomorrow…