1. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. Chapter 11 - Chronic Diseases

2. Coming Up in this Chapter □Learn the major types of CVD, cancer, and diabetes. □Assess your personal risk factors for chronic disease. □Become familiar with screening, diagnosis, and treatment options. □Find out steps to reduce your risk factors. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.

3. Table 11-1 Estimated prevalence and annual mortality from cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.

4. Cardiovascular Disease □Coronary artery disease □Stroke □Peripheral artery disease □High blood pressure □Heart failure □Other forms Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.

5. Fig 11-1 Percentage of breakdown of U.S. deaths from cardiovascular disease Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.

6. Coronary artery disease □Atherosclerosis □Arteriosclerosis □Angina pectoris □Heart attack □Arrhythmia Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.

7. Stroke □Ischemic stroke □Hemorrhagic stroke □Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.

8. High Blood Pressure □Force of blood pumping against the vessel walls □Normal 120/80 □Systolic pressure (top number) □Diastolic pressure (bottom number) □Hypertension □High blood pressure Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.

9. Assessing Risk □Heredity/Genetics □Age □Gender □Ethnicity Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.

10. Cardiovascular Disease Prevention □Healthy diet □Physical activity □Weight control □Avoid tobacco □Avoid drugs □Moderate alcohol use Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.

11. Prevention □Regular screenings □Manage stress □Control blood pressure □Healthy cholesterol □Healthy triglycerides □Control diabetes Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.

12. Symptoms of Cardiovascular Disease □Some are painful and some are not □Shortness of breath □Swelling of the legs □Chest pain □Fatigue □Lightheadedness Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.

13. Table 11-7 Tests for diagnosing and monitoring cardiovascular disease Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.

14. Treatment □Lifestyle change □Medications □Surgery □Coronary angioplasty □Coronary bypass □Pacemaker □Valve repair Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.

15. Cancer □Tumors are abnormal clumps of cells. □Benign means non-cancerous. □Malignant tumors are known as cancer. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.

16. Types of Cancer □Carcinoma □Sarcoma □Lymphoma □Leukemia □Central nervous system cancers □Most frequently diagnosed Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.

17. Assessing Your Risk □Heredity/Genetics □Age □Gender □Ethnicity □Exposure to cancer-causing agents Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.

18. Prevention □Eat healthy. □Engage in regular physical activity. □Avoid smoking. □Practice safe sex. □Manage stress. □Avoid exposure. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.

19. Signs and Symptoms - CAUTION □ C hange in bowel or bladder habits □ A sore that does not heal □ U nusual bleeding □ T hickening or lump in tissue □ I ndigestion or difficulty swallowing □ O bvious change in wart or mole □ N agging cough or hoarseness Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.

20. Diagnosis □Biopsy □Imaging procedures □Tumor marker or lab tests Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.

21. Fig 11-8 Stages and spread of cancer Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.

22. Treatment □Chemotherapy □Radiation therapy Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.

23. Diabetes □A metabolic disorder characterized by problems with the body’s production or use of insulin □Glucose □Hyperglycemia □Hypoglycemia Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.

24. Types of Diabetes □Type 1 diabetes □Autoimmune disease attacking and destroying the insulin producing cells of the pancreas □Type 2 diabetes □Cells don’t respond to insulin □Gestational diabetes □High glucose levels during pregnancy Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.

25. Assessing Diabetes □Type 1 primary triggers are genetic or viral □Type 2 risks □Age □Excessive weight □Lack of physical activity □Genetic □Ethnicity Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.

26. Diabetes Prevention □Healthy diet □Physical activity □Healthy weight □Control cholesterol □Avoid tobacco Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.

27. Symptoms of Diabetes □Increased thirst □Increased hunger after eating □Dry mouth □Frequent urination □Weight loss or weight gain □Fatigue □Blurred or decreased vision □Slow healing sores or cuts Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.

28. Diagnosis □Tests □A1C test □Fasting plasma glucose test □Oral glucose tolerance test Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.

29. Treatment □Use of insulin □Shots □Pumps □Lifestyle strategies □Oral medication Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.

30. Chronic Disease Risk Reduction □Engage in regular physical activity. □Eat a balanced diet. □Don’t smoke. □Consume alcohol only in moderation. □Check your health history. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.