1. Skeletal Organization
7.5 p. 205 – p. 259

2. Basics 206 bones in human body Made up of 2 parts:
Axial Skeleton
Appendicular Skeleton
t.com/ap/skeletalsystem /skeleton/introduction/t utorial.html

3. Axial Skeleton Skull Hyoid Bone Vertebral Column Thoracic Cage Cranium
Face
Hyoid Bone
Vertebral Column
Thoracic Cage
Ribs
Sternum

4. Appendicular Skeleton
Pectoral girdle
Upper limbs
Pelvic girdle
Lower limbs

5. Terms Used to Describe Skeletal Structures (Table 7.4 p. 208)
Condyle
Crest
Epicondyle
Facet
Fissure
Fontanel
Foramen
Fossa
Head
Linea
Meatus
Process
Ramus
Sinus
Spine
Suture
Trochanter
Tubercle
Tuberosity

6. Axial Skeleton

7. Skull
Cranial bones
Facial bones

8. Cranial Bones

9. Cranial Bones Frontal bone Parietal Bone Temporal Bones Occipital Bone
Sphenoid Bone
Ethmoid Bone

10. Cranial Bones Frontal Bone Parietal Bones Forehead Bone under eyebrows
Superior portion of eye orbits
Parietal Bones
Most superior and lateral walls of cranium
Sagittal suture at midline
Coronal suture where they meet the frontal bone

11. Cranial Bones Temporal Bones: inferior to the parietal bones
Joined at squamous sutures
External acoustic meatus
Styloid process
Zygomatic process
Mastoid process
Jugular foramen
Internal acoustic meatus
Carotid

12. Cranial Bones Occipital Bone
Joined to parietal bones anteriorly by the lambdoid suture
Foramen magnum
Surrounds lower part or brain, allows spinal cord to connect to brain
Occipital condyles

13. Cranial Bones Sphenoid Bone Spans width of the skull
Forms floor of cranial cavity
Stella turcica
Foramen ovale
Optic canal
Superior orbital fissure
Sphenoid sinuses

14. Cranial Bones Ethmoid Bones Anterior to sphenoid bone
Forms roof of nasal cavity
Crista galli
Cribriform plates
Superior and middle nasal conchae

15. Cranial Bones Link
stem/skeleton/axial/skull/quizzes/menu/me nu.html

16. Facial Bones

17. Facial Bones Maxillae Palantine Bones Zygomatic Bones Lacrimal Bones
Nasal Bones
Vomer Bone
Inferior Nasal Conchae
Mandible

18. Facial Bones Maxillae (maxillary bones)
Upper jaw
Keystone bones – all other bones join with the maxillae bones
Upper teeth in alveolar margin
Palantine processes – anterior portion of hard palate
Paranasal sinuses
Palantine Bones: form posterior portion of hard palate
Failure to develop forms a cleft palate

19. Facial Bones Zygomatic Bones Lacrimal Bones Nasal bones Cheek bones
Eye sockets
Lacrimal Bones
Medial portion of each eye socket
Groove to serve as passage way for tears
Nasal bones
Small bones forming bridge of the nose

20. Facial Bones Vomer Bone Inferior Nasal Conchae Mandible Nasal septum
Thin, curved bones from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity
Mandible
Lower jaw
Body
Rami
Lower teeth in alveoli (alveolar margin)

21. Hyoid Bone
Only bone of the body that does not directly articulate with another bone
Suspended in neck approximately 2cm above the larynx
Movement of tongue
Attachment for neck muscles

22. Skull Development
Use your books and computers to summarize the development of the skull. Focus in fetal development through adolescence.
Bullet points or paragraph
Be prepared to present all or a portion to the class.

23. Vertebral Column Regions: Shapes vary Intervertebral discs Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral
Shapes vary
Intervertebral discs
Separate and cushion vertebrae

24. Vertebral Column Terminology
Body / centrum
Vertebral arch
Vertebral foramen
Pedicles
Transverse processes
Spinous processes
Superior and inferior articular facets
Anterior/posterior longitudinal ligaments

25. Cervical Vertebrae C1 – C7 Neck region of spine
First two vertebrae: atlas and axis

26. Cervical Vertebrae Smallest vertebrae
Transverse process contains foramina for the vertebral arteries to pass through

27. Thoracic Vertebrae T1 – T12 Larger than cervical vertebrae
Connect with ribs

28. Lumbar Vertebrae L1 – L5 Sturdiest vertebrae
Massive bodies, short spinous processes

29. Sacrum Fusion of 5 vertebrae Superiorly connects with L5
inferiorly connects with coccyx
Alae: articulate with hips
Median sacral crest
Posterior sacral foramina
Sacral canal
Sacral haitus

30. Coccyx
Fusion of three irregularly shaped vertebrae
“tailbone”

31. Parts of Vertebrae
7f9d8

32. Identify the pictures using your notes.
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, axis, atlas

33. Thoracic Cage
Ribs
Sternum
Costal Cartilage

34. Ribs 12 pairs of ribs (24 total) True Ribs False ribs:
First 7 pairs of ribs
Vertebrosternal ribs
False ribs:
Next 5 pairs of ribs
Do not reach sternum directly
Last 2 pairs of the false ribs are sometimes called floating ribs

35. Sternum Midline of anterior portion of thoracic cage 3 parts:
Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid process

36. Appendicular Skeleton

37. Pectoral Girdle Shoulder girdle Clavicles Scapulae (scapula)
Support of upper limb and muscle attachment

38. Clavicle Slender, rod like bones Elongated S-shape Base of the neck
Run from the manubrium to the scapulae

39. Scapulae Broad, triangular in shape Either side of the upper back
Spine
Acromion process and coracoid process form the top of the shoulder
Glenoid cavity – articulates with the head of the humerus

40. Upper Limb
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Hand
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges

41. Humerus Scapula  elbow
Head fits into the glenoid cavity of the scapula
Greater tubercle
Lesser tubercle
Both provide muscle attachment

42. Radius Thumb side of the forearm Shorter than the ulna
Head articulates with the ulna (radial notch) and the humerus

43. Ulna Longer than the radius
Articulates with the humerus (trochlear notch)

44. Hands Wrist Palm Fingers 8 small carpals in two rows
All together called carpus
Palm
5 bones, in line with each finger
Fingers
Phalanges
2 bones in thumb
3 bones in fingers

45. Pelvic Girdle Hip bones Symphysis pubis
Ilium
Ischium
Pubis
Symphysis pubis
Male pelvis is more slender than the female pelvis
Female ilium is wider

46. Lower Limb Femur Patella Tibia Fibula Foot: Tarsals Metatarsals
Phalanges

47. Femur Longest bone in the body Connects hip to knee
Greater trochanter, lesser trochanter
Lateral and medial chondyle articulate with tibia

48. Patella
Kneecap
Covers joint between femur and tibia

49. Fibula and Tibia Tibia: shin bone Larger of the two
Articulates at the knee with the femur
Medial portion of lower leg
Fibula
Bears no body weight
Lateral portion of the leg
Protrudes from ankle

50. Foot Tarsals (form the tarsus) Metatarsals: 5 bones Phalanges
Talus: forms medial portion of ankle
Calcaneus: heel bone
Metatarsals: 5 bones
Form foot
Phalanges
Toes
Big toe (2 bones)
other 4 toes (3 bones)