1. Baltimore County, Maryland Planning and Zoning to Protect Large Landscapes National Workshop on Large Landscape Conservation, Washington, DC. October 22-23, 2014 County Executive Kevin Kamenetz Department of Planning Andrea Van Arsdale, Director Jeff Mayhew, Deputy Director Presenter: Wallace Lippincott, Jr.

2. Location Map - Baltimore County, Maryland

4. Baltimore County, Maryland is 376,000 acres in size and is one of the oldest Counties in Maryland, established in 1659. It has a rich heritage in settlement and rural economies including agriculture. The County’s excellent soils and typical rainfall patterns are conducive to productive agriculture.

5. Baltimore County Goes to War! “temporary” housing Bethlehem-Fairfield Shipyard - built Liberty ships employment grew from 350 (1941) to 46,700 (1943) Glenn L. Martin Aircraft - built B-26 Marauder bombers employment grew from 3,500 to 53,000 by 1941 Total War Effort added >200,000 jobs in Baltimore County and City thousands of temporary trailers erected and cottages <700 sq ft built Subsequent planning for expanded port and heavy industry

6. 610 land development projects 48,594 permitted housing units, including > 30,000 detached units 78,670 total building permits 516 miles of roads, 9 major bridges 383 miles of water mains, 2 pumping stations, 3 elevated storage tanks 168 miles of storm drains 355 miles of sewers, 44 pumping stations 8 major public buildings 71 new schools/major additions (’48) Baltimore County Development 1951-1957

7. Plan for the Valleys – 1963 Wallace-McHarg Associates The Prescription: Create Resource Zoning for the Valleys Create High Density Zoning on Plateaus Create a Historic Zone and Historic Commission Create Cluster Zones Acquire Development Rights for Public Purpose Create a Conservation Trust Use Syndicates to control development and secure equitable distribution of profits from development elsewhere Photo: Jack Dillon

8. Urban Growth Boundary - URDL Urban-Rural Demarcation Line MD’s first, tightest growth boundary adopted in 1967 (gas station bill) defines limit of urban services reality checks for growth capacity Inside URDL Oregon Ridge Park 900 ac. forest URDL Outside URDL

9. Growth Management

10. 1975 Rural Zones and Later Modifications RC 2 - Agricultural Preservation RC 3 – Deferred Planning RC 4 - Watershed Protection RC 5 - Rural Residential RC 6 – Rural Conservation RC 7 - Resource Preservation Zone RC 8 - Environmental Enhancement

11. RESULTS Zoning Building Permits Land Preservation Farmland Retention

12. Table 1. Zoning 1996 to 2012 YearRC 2RC 4RC 5RC 6RC 7RC 8Total 199676,80974,73717,392------------------------169,008 200091,53760,07113,2624,007168,910 200491,95417,3569,3398,90730,60211,006169,198 200891,95516,2788,8378,96531,95911,010169,040 201291,64216,7598,8778,82231,69511,148169,023 Source: Baltimore County Government, 2014

13. Down Zoning Study Results (Newburn and Ferris, 2013) Development in vicinity positive for probability of additional development Number of subdivisions before and after down zoning similar but density decreases

14. Table 2. Residential Permits 2000-2013 LocationMFSFASFDSFSDSumPercent Total9,0954,66811,39926625,428 Inside URDL9,0954,6687,62326521,65185 Outside URDL003,77613,77715 Inside APPA001,2170 5 Source: Baltimore County Government, 2014 URDL: Urban Rural Demarcation Line APPA: Agricultural Preservation Priority Area MF: Multiple-Family SFA: Single Family attached SFD: Single Family detached SFSD: Single Family semi-detached Overall 90% of population of County is within the URDL

16. Farmland Preservation in Baltimore County, MD

17. Maryland Environmental Trust Maryland Agricultural Land Preservation Foundation Local Land Trusts Cluster Development Baltimore County Agricultural Land Preservation Program Federal Farm and Ranch Land Protection Program Rural Legacy Government Funded Purchases Mandated by County Government Donations 197419801992199419982014 Timeline of Land Preservation

19. Summary of Planning Milestones 1963 Plan for the Valleys 1967 Urban Rural Demarcation Line (URDL) 1974 First Easement (MET) 1975 Resource Conservation Zoning 1979 Agricultural Zone Density Reduced to 1/50 1980 Adopt State Ag Program 1989 Agricultural Preservation Areas in Master Plan 1992 Rural Cluster Zone 1996-2004 Down Zoning/ Adopt State Rural Legacy 2013 Adoption of Growth Tiers Today 90% of Baltimore County’s population lives within the URDL on 33% of the land

20. Summary of Results Over 62,000 Acres Preserved Less than 10% County Population lives within the Rural Area (2/3 Co) Preservation of Large Blocks of Contiguous Land Maintained Connectivity to Large Regional Landscape

22. Citations Brooks, Neil A. and Eric G. Rockel, A History of Baltimore County, Towson, MD 1979 McGrain, John W. An Agricultural History of Baltimore County, Maryland. 1990. Accent Printers, Perry Hall, Maryland. Newburn, David A. and Jeffrey S. Ferris. The Effect of Downzoning for Managing Residential Development and Density. University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland. 2013. Wallace-McHarg Associates. 1963. Plan for the Valleys. Philadephia, PA.