1. Federalists vs. Anti-federalists
& the Constitution

2. VS Federalists Anti-federalists
Wrote a collection of essays in support of the new Constitution.
The purpose of the essays was to show how the new Constitution would solve many of the problems that existed under the Articles of Confederation.
Three men combined to write 85 of the essays.
Strong central government.
(Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, John Jay)
Criticized the adoption of the Constitution of 1787.
Opposition to slavery – continue to exist under the new Constitution.
States would lose power under the Constitution.
Federal Government would be too powerful. People still fear a strong central government.
#1 opposition – NO BILL of RIGHTS in proposed constitution!
Anti-Federalists (Patrick Henry, Samuel Adams, John Hancock, Richard Henry Lee, George Mason)

3. THE CONSTITUTION PREAMBLE GOALS OF THE CONSTITUTION
A preamble is an introduction. The introduction to the Constitution lists the goals of the Constitution.
The goals of the Constitution refer to problems under the Articles of Confederation.
GOALS OF THE CONSTITUTION
Form a More Perfect Union
Establish Justice
Insure Domestic Tranquility
Provide for the Common Defense
Promote the General Welfare
Secure the Blessings of Liberty to Ourselves and Our Posterity

4. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
ARTICLE I: LEGISLATIVE BRANCH CONGRESS (BICAMERAL) – PURPOSE = MAKE LAWS
SENATE
2 Per State
Originally selected by State Legislatures
Today Directly Elected
POWERS DENIED CONGRESS
Suspend Writ of Habeas Corpus (brought to court)
Pass Bills of Attainder (punish without trial)
Ex Post Facto Law (punish after laws is created)
Tax Exports
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Based on State Population
Directly Elected by People
MAJOR POWERS OF CONGRESS
Tax
Declare War
Raise/Maintain and Army
Regulate Interstate Trade
Tax Imports
Create Postal System
Coin Money
Create Lower Federal Courts

5. ARTICLE II: EXECUTIVE BRANCH PRESIDENT: PURPOSE – ENFORCE THE LAW
POWERS OF THE PRESIDENT
Enforce laws passed by Congress
Send troops into battle
Enter into Treaties
Appoint Federal Judges
Appoint Ambassadors
Grant Pardons - Reprieves
ROLES OF THE PRESIDENT
Chief Executive
Commander-in-Chief
Legislative Leader
Judicial Leader
Chief of State
Foreign Policy Maker

6. ARTICLE III: JUDICIAL BRANCH SUPREME COURT – PURPOSE – INTERPRET THE LAW
9 Justices – Appointed by the President
Justices serve life terms.
Supreme Court oversees actions of Congress and the President. Court uses the Constitution to make sure government actions are Constitutional.

7. FEDERAL to STATE STATE to STATE
ARTICLE IV: RELATIONS AMONG THE STATES This article establishes what the states agree to do for one another, and what the federal government will provide to each state.
FEDERAL to STATE
Rules for admitting new states to the Union
Republican form of Government
Protect against invasion
STATE to STATE
Respect laws, contracts, etc.. Full Faith & Credit
Extradition – send criminal to stand trial in other states.

8. ARTICLE V: AMENDMENTS PROCESS BY WHICH CHANGES CAN BE MADE TO THE CONSTITUTION
PROPOSAL
Amendments to the Constitution must be approved by 2/3 of both houses of Congress to be proposed
(or)
2/3 of the states call for a national convention for the proposal of an amendment
RATIFICATION
Amendments must be ratified (consent) by ¾ of the State Legislatures

9. ARTICLE VI: SUPREMACY OF NATIONAL LAW
All debts contracted under the Articles of Confederation will be honored by US Government
US Constitution, Federal Law, and Treaties are the Supreme Law of the Land (Supremacy Clause)
All Federal Public Officials will take an oath to protect and support the Constitution
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10. ARTICLE VII: RATIFICATION
For the Constitution to go into effect, it had to be ratified, approved by 9 of 13 states.
RATIFICATION
9 of 13 STATES

11. The Bill of Rights
Amendment 1 – Freedom of Speech, Press, Religion, Petition, & Assembly
Amendment 2 – Right to Bear Arms
Amendment 3 – Quartering of Soldiers
Amendment 4 – Search & Seizure
Amendment 5 – Rights of the Accused
Amendment 6 – Requirements for a Jury Trial
Amendment 7 – Rules of Common Law
Amendment 8 – Limits on Criminal Punishment
Amendment 9 – Rights Kept by the People
Amendment 10 – Powers of the States and the People

12. Amendments 11-19 Amendment 11 – Suits Against States
Amendment 12 – Presidential Election Method
Amendment 13 – Slavery Abolished
Amendment 14 – Civil Rights Guaranteed
Amendment 15 – Black voting Rights
Amendment 16 – Income Tax
Amendment 17 – Direct Election of Senators
Amendment 18 – Prohibition
Amendment 19 – Women’s Voting Rights