1. Prefixes Suffixes Compound words, ex: telephone number, bookshop Collocation (words that occur together), ex: black tea, heavy rain Idioms are a kind of fixed expression as they can ’ t be changed

2. Synonyms (words with the same or similar meanings) Antonyms (words with opposite meanings), Lexical sets (groups of words that belong to the same topic area), ex: family, furniture, food. Word family, ex: real, really, realistic, unreal

3. False friends (they are words which have the same of a similar form in two languages but a different meaning) Homophones (words with the same pronunciation but different meaning or spelling) Homonyms (words with the same spelling but different meaning) Varieties of English