1. Decennial Census A Base for Community Analysis Grace York University of Michigan March 2007

2. Observation Analyzing Census and other statistical data and comparing with 5 th grade residence Community interviews Components of Your Assignment

3. Outline of Presentation b Census Questionnaire b Census Geography b Map to Identify Your Neighborhoods b Census Data b Thematic Mapping b Other Data Sources on the Web

4. Class Bibliography http://www.lib.umich.edu/ govdocs/compsych.html

5. Purpose of the Census b Mandated by the Constitution b Reapportionment of 435 seats in the House of Representatives b Latest Census is 2000; updates do not provide neighborhood info

6. Two Questionnaires 100% Questionnaire Sent to all households SAMPLE Questionnaire Sent to one-sixth of households

7. 2000 Questionnaire 100% Questionnaire b Age b Sex b Race (Multiple) b Hispanic origin b Household relationship b Occupied v. vacant housing units b Owner v. renter occupied housing

8. Primary Uses of Short Form Data b Race and sex for single years of age to 99; three groups after 100 b Most detail by race (250 groups total)

9. Race Groups in 2000 b b White b b Black or African-American b b American Indian or Alaskan Native b b Asian b b Hawaiian or Pacific Islander b b Other b b Two or More (Based on Self-Identification)

10. Individual Races b b Some files breakdown Asian, Pacific Islander, American Indians and Hispanic into 250 categories b b Includes Chippewa Indians, Hmong, Pakistanis b b Whites and blacks broken out as ancestry in sample data (e.g.Israelis, Arabs, Iranians, Nigerians) b b Racial definitions appear at: http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/ sf3td/sf3tdg7.pdf

11. Hispanic Not considered a race Can be Hispanic and any race Breakdowns in some tables CubanCuban Puerto RicanPuerto Rican MexicanMexican SpanishSpanish Various Latin American CountriesVarious Latin American Countries

12. Calculating Minorities Replace White Alone with White Alone Non-Hispanic White Hispanic Then add Black Alone Native American Alone Asian Alone Hawaiian or Pacific Islander Alone Other Alone Two or More Races

13. New Race Category in 2000 Respondents could choose up to SIX racial backgrounds Typical mixed race is 2-3% of population Race data not necessarily comparable with previous censuses

14. Household Relationships Relationship to Householder b b Spouse b b Child b b Stepchild b b Grandchild b b Brother/Sister b b Parent b b Non-relative b b Unmarried partner is separate category

15. 100% Questionnaire Data Reports Pre-Tabulated Data b b Summary File 1 – most age, race, sex data to the smallest geographies, block and block group b b Summary File 2 – same data by 250 races and Hispanic groups to neighborhood (tract) level

16. 2000 Sample Questionnaire b b Marital status, housing value and rent (100% in 1990) b b Grandparents as caregivers (new) b b Ancestry b b Language b b Country of origin b b School enrollment and educational attainment (and dropouts)

17. 2000 Sample Questionnaire b b Employment b b Industry and occupation b b Transportation to and place of work b b Disability and mental illness b b Veteran status b b Income and poverty

18. Sample Data Products Sample Data Products Pre-Tabulated Data b b Summary File 3 – socio-economic and housing characteristics to census tract or block group level b b Summary File 4 – same data as Summary File 3 for 210 racial and 125 ethnic groups to tract level

19. Census Geography Legal Areas b Nation b State b Counties b Cities b Townships b Congressional Districts b School Districts

20. Census Geography Census-Designated Areas b Metropolitan Statistical Area b Urbanized Area b Census Tract b Block Group b Block b Zip Code Tabulation Area

21. Metropolitan Statistical Area Central city of 50,000 or more Its own county, and Surrounding counties with heavy commuting patterns

22. Detroit Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area 1990 Lapeer Livingston Detroit PMSA Macomb Monroe Oakland St. Clair Wayne Ann Arbor PMSA Washtenaw 2000 Lapeer Macomb Detroit PMSA Monroe Oakland St. Clair Wayne Lenawee Ann Arbor PMSA Livingston Washtenaw Flint PMSA Genesee

23. Census Tracts b Areas of about 4000 people b Approximate neighborhoods

24. Detroit Tract

25. Block Group Block Group Two – eight block groups per tract All 2000s (2001, 2002, 2003) are BG 2 Smallest area for sample data

26. Blocks All blocks in 2000 have 4-digit numbers Some 100% data but no sample data

27. Locating Census Maps b American Factfinder http://factfinder.census.gov/http://factfinder.census.gov/http://factfinder.census.gov/ b Documents Center Paper Copies Tract maps for MichiganTract maps for Michigan Block maps for Wayne and WashtenawBlock maps for Wayne and Washtenaw b Southwest Detroit Tract Map http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/images/detsw.GIFhttp://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/images/detsw.GIFhttp://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/images/detsw.GIF

28. Initial Factfinder Screen http://factfinder.census.gov/ ( Mozilla works better than internet explorer for downloading) Skip Examples

29. Geographic Area If you know the geographic area or proceed directly to DATA SETS If you need to determine the geographic area, go to ADDRESS SEARCH

30. Geographic Area Default is address search Name search is a place search

31. Address Searching Address Searching Search for a known address to find its county, city, tract, block group, block number, and map

32. Address Searching Address Searching Choose the Reference Map from your search results

33. Address Map

34. Changing Boundaries

36. Revised Map Move map around to choose block groups and census tracts in neighborhood.

37. Example of a Neighborhood Tract 5240; 5241-BG 2, and 5242-BG 1&2 (It is much easier to retrieve data if your neighborhood has whole tracts, e.g.5240, 5241, 5242)

38. Another Search Click on Geography to Change to Another Search

39. Place Name Searching BEST option for mapping  States  Counties  Cities  Townships  Villages

40. Name Search

41. Altering Map Place boundaries in green. You may need to add census geographies on your own.

42. Reading Tract Numbers Sometimes you have to zoom in to read all of the tract numbers.

43. Making Map More Legible Fiddle with the legend to make more readable. Example: take out block groups; put in zip codes

44. Downloading Map Use Download command to download in pdf format Left click on mouse to download in gif format

45. Data Sets Once you’ve determined geography and go to DATA SETS for the detail

46. Listing of Data Sets The default display are files from the 2000 and 1990 Census

47. Data Files for 2000 b Summary File 1: 100% Race, sex, age, households and families, housing tenure BLOCK LEVEL for many categories MOST DETAILED ON AGE b Summary File 2: 100% Detailed cross classifications by type of Hispanic origin, Indian tribe, or Asian subcategory (about 250 total) LOWEST LEVEL IS TRACT

48. Data Files for 2000 b Summary File 3: Sample Income, language, ethnicity, occupation, commuting, housing value and rent for 7 races and Hispanic Most useful file for most of you b Summary File 4: Sample SF3 data with detailed cross classifications by for 350 races and ancestries (e.g. income for Mexican, Lebanese)

49. Summary File 3 http://factfinder.census.gov/ http://factfinder.census.gov/ The most interesting social and economic characteristics for the smallest geography.

50. Data Sets Option Box Options box aligns with checked data set Use Detailed Tables or Thematic Maps

51. Detailed Tables Geography Default is LIST geography. Others include name search, address search, and geography within geography.

52. Detailed Tables Geography List Geography You can choose All statesAll states All counties in a stateAll counties in a state All tracts in a countyAll tracts in a county All block groups in a tractAll block groups in a tract All blocks in a block group.All blocks in a block group.

53. Detailed Tables Geography List Geography You can add multiple levels of geography, e.g. tract, block group, city, county, state

54. Once you’ve chosen your geography, choose your tables. The default for Detailed Tables is the Show All Tables. List of Tables – SF3 http://factfinder.census.gov/ http://factfinder.census.gov/

55. Multiple Table Spreadsheet b The result is two separate tables b Data meaningless unless use do percentages and comparisons b Use a spreadsheet program or calculator when combining them

56. Multiple Table Spreadsheet b Census tract 5238 is very different from Wayne County in racial mix b Excel template at: http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/xls/centemp.xls http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/xls/centemp.xlshttp://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/xls/centemp.xls

57. Detailed Spreadsheet and Downloading Options Use Factfinder’s button for downloading data

58. Downloading Options Comma, xls, rtf Downloading Options Comma, xls, rtf Use comma delimited or tab delimited for spreadsheets, including Excel Beware of compressed formats

59. Downloading Options Downloading Options Mozilla automatically downloads to your Desktop and provides the name: DTXLSPresentationDownload.xls

60. Saving File to Your UMich Account Right-click default download name on desktop Rename before you download anything else

61. Saving to UMich Account from Campus Computers Drag downloaded file from the desktop to your L: drive or upload using MFILE (http://mfile.umich.edu)

62. Changing Tables Changing Tables You can change tables but keep same geography by pressing “tables” breadcrumb at top of page.

63. Household Comparisons Tract 5238 more family oriented than county.

64. Summary File 3-Subjects http://factfinder.census.gov/ http://factfinder.census.gov/ b b Ancestry b b Education and school enrollment b b Commuting, occupation, industry b b Income and poverty b b Disability and veteran status b b Housing value, rent, mortgages b b Race and household status

65. Summary File 3 Subject Search Highlight a subject and search Results include all tables where the subject is a variable Choose P37; Add; Show Result

66. Educational Attainment Population over 25 is counted Data is not cumulative; Even though high school graduation rate may be 0%, people who completed bachelors or masters completed high school as well Main table is P37 Table by race is P148 Many tables in this data set are split so racial breakdowns appear in a later number

67. Educational Attainment

69. Disabilities count overall limitations, not individual diseases Sensory Physical Mental Self-care Go outside the home Employment Disability

70. Disability

71. Rent Contract rent = amount paid to landlord Gross rent = amount paid to landlord AND amount for utilities

72. Labor Force Labor Force Labor Force = either have a job or are looking for a job Not in Labor Force = don’t have job or want one (e.g. retiree) Unemployed = in labor force but don’t have job

73. Labor Force

74. Occupation http://factfinder.census.gov/ http://factfinder.census.gov/

75. Income Income calculated for households (related, unrelated, single), families (related), and individuals Income includes salaries, interest, social security, retirement, public assistance Median means half earn below and half earn above Aggregate means all of the income in that geographic area

76. Income

77. Poverty Calculated variable based on income, size of family, and federal poverty guidelines Poverty guidelines for 1999 appear at: http://www.census.gov/hhes/poverty/histpov/hstp ov1.html http://www.census.gov/hhes/poverty/histpov/hstp ov1.html Example of ratio of income to poverty Poverty for one person in 1999 was $8501 Under.50 = earned less than $4250 Earned 1.5 of poverty=$12751

78. Poverty

79. http://factfinder.census.gov/ http://factfinder.census.gov/ Ancestry http://factfinder.census.gov/ http://factfinder.census.gov/ b b Primarily countries with which white and some black races identify b b Tables PCT 16, 17, and 18 List of Ancestries http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf3td/sf3tdg1.pdf

80. Ancestry http://factfinder.census.gov/ http://factfinder.census.gov/ Ancestry is another tract only variable

81. Summary File 4 http://factfinder.census.gov/ http://factfinder.census.gov/ Sample data for 350 races and ancestries

82. Summary File 4 http://factfinder.census.gov/ http://factfinder.census.gov/ List geography shows county, city, tract levels

83. Summary File 4 http://factfinder.census.gov/ http://factfinder.census.gov/ Subject search for poverty by by age

84. Summary File 4 http://factfinder.census.gov/ http://factfinder.census.gov/ Use ancestry tab for Arab, German; race and ancestry can be mixed in same operation

85. Summary File 4 http://factfinder.census.gov/ http://factfinder.census.gov/ Result is two tables; insufficient people of Arab descent in these particular tracts; large percent considered poor

86. Thematic maps can be accessed through Data Sets. Thematic Maps http://factfinder.census.gov/ http://factfinder.census.gov/

87. Thematic Maps Choosing New Geography You can choose a map through the List method, using the HIGHEST LEVEL of geography you want (e.g. Wayne County, Mich)

88. Thematic Maps Choosing Theme (Subject) b b You can choose a theme by subject, keyword, or list b b Not all Census variables are represented b b In this case, race appears in SF1 maps; ancestry in SF3 maps

89. Thematic Maps Choosing Theme (Subject)

90. Thematic Maps Changing Geographic Display b The default for a county is county subdivision b This can be changed to census tract or BG

91. Thematic Maps Same Map – Tract Level Same map at tract level. You can change the display by choosing DATA CLASSES.

92. Thematic Maps Same Map – Tract Level Natural breaks = equal number of people counted Equal interval means equal percent intervals

93. Thematic Maps Same Map – Tract Level This is probably more accurate. Click on legend to add geographic boundaries

94. Thematic Maps Same Map – Tract Level Click on legend to add geographic boundaries

95. Thematic Maps Same Map – Tract Level Same map with tract numbers

96. Thematic Maps Same Map – Tract Level Use identify button and click on map to obtain data

97. Thematic Maps Limitations of Factfinder Maps b Only pre-selected variables; not entire data set b Maps download as gifs (pictures) or pdf. b Maps cannot be exported into another program b Maps can not be manipulated, e.g. showing layers b Geolytics and ARCVIEW are alternatives

98. Census Does Not Cover b Crime b Health b Social Services b Religion b Business b Politics

99. Local Data Sources b Most national and local sources cover city as a whole b Local sources come and go (e.g. Detroit crime, health data, Michigan COMNET b Use your web page to locate city government sources (Detroit and cities nationally)

100. Michigan County Profiles http://medc.michigan.org/miinfo/places/ http://medc.michigan.org/miinfo/places/ Population, employers, banks, hospitals, wages, recreation, housing values, and utilities in each county.

101. Michigan County Profiles http://medc.michigan.org/miinfo/places/ http://medc.michigan.org/miinfo/places/ Lists major manufacturing and non-manufacturing employers.

102. Michigan County Profiles http://medc.michigan.org/services/sitedevelopme nt/renzone/WayneCounty/ http://medc.michigan.org/services/sitedevelopme nt/renzone/WayneCounty/ http://medc.michigan.org/services/sitedevelopme nt/renzone/WayneCounty/

103. Renaissance Zone Map http://gis.culma.wayne.edu/website/ez/viewer.htm http://gis.culma.wayne.edu/website/ez/viewer.htm

104. Transportation b b American Factfinder http://factfinder.census.gov/ http://factfinder.census.gov/ http://factfinder.census.gov/ Vehicles per household, H44-45, HCT33 Commuting to work, P30-35, PCT65 b b Detroit Bus Schedules http://www.detroitmi.gov/ddot/index.html

105. Crime Crime http://www.ci.detroit.mi.us/police/default.htm http://www.ci.detroit.mi.us/police/default.htm b b Detroit Police Department web side has city-wide data beginning 1994 http://www.ci.detroit.mi.us/police/dept/compstat/com pstat.htm b b For earlier years, use the paper copy: HV 7595.D6 A23 b b WSU Center for Urban Studies used to publish crime maps

106. Crime by Tract No longer on web. Use 2004 Map instead. 2004 Map 2004 Map

107. Michigan Assistance Payment Statistics Michigan Assistance Payment Statistics Social welfare cases by office http://www.michigan.gov/dhs/0,1607,7-124- 5458_7696_10830---,00.html http://www.michigan.gov/dhs/0,1607,7-124- 5458_7696_10830---,00.html

108. Social Services b b Partial directory of social services from United WayUnited Way b b Can find national directories of non-profits from Associations Unlimited

109. National Public School Locator http://nces.ed.gov/ccd/schoolsearch/ http://nces.ed.gov/ccd/schoolsearch/ Searchable by school name and zip code. Provides pupil/teacher ratio, grades, race of enrollees

110. Detroit Public Schools http://www.detroit.k12.mi.us/schools/map_SchoolLocations.pdf http://www.detroit.k12.mi.us/schools/map_SchoolLocations.pdf http://www.detroit.k12.mi.us/schools/map_SchoolLocations.pdf

111. Detroit Public Schools http://www.detroit.k12.mi.us/schools/meap/ http://www.detroit.k12.mi.us/schools/meap/

112. Standard and Poor’s http://www.schoolmatters.com/ http://www.schoolmatters.com/ Type in school or school district

113. Standard and Poor’s http://www.schoolmatters.com/ http://www.schoolmatters.com/ Provides basic educational scores. Click on school name for further information.

114. Standard and Poor’s http://www.schoolmatters.com/ http://www.schoolmatters.com/ Charts compare scores with district and state. Racial enrollment at bottom. Charts compare scores with district and state. Racial enrollment at bottom.

115. http://www.ahd.com/ http://www.ahd.com/ American Hospital Directory http://www.ahd.com/ http://www.ahd.com/ Receiving Hospital below. Searchable directory of hospitals with some data on zip code of patients, charges, and most frequent diagnoses. Receiving Hospital below.

116. Michigan County Health Data http://www.mdch.state.mi.us/pha/osr/chi/index.asp http://www.mdch.state.mi.us/pha/osr/chi/index.asp Births, marriages, divorces, and deaths by cause and race, preventable hospitalizations, reportable diseases, most by county

117. Superfund Sites http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/index.htm http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/index.htm Search by address, city, or toxic chemical to determine location of toxic spills.

118. Religion http://www.thearda.com/mapsReports/ http://www.thearda.com/mapsReports/ b American Religion Data Archive provides 1990 and 2000 church membership by county. b Also use yellow pages (http://www.yellowpages.com) (http://www.yellowpages.com (http://www.yellowpages.com

119. Politics b Almanac of American Politics Look under Carolyn Kilpatrick for Detroit’s political history and sentimentsLook under Carolyn Kilpatrick for Detroit’s political history and sentiments http://nationaljournal.com/pubs/almanac b Detroit City Council Biographies of council membersBiographies of council members Extensive guide to city servicesExtensive guide to city services http://www3.ci.detroit.mi.us/legislative/CityCou ncil/Default.htm http://www3.ci.detroit.mi.us/legislative/CityCou ncil/Default.htm b See also Newspapers

120. American Community Survey http://factfinder.census.gov/ http://factfinder.census.gov/ b Annual update of Census data to city level; no neighborhood data yet b Access through datasets

121. Getting Census Help Documents Center 203 Hatcher Library North, (734) 764-0410, govdocs@umich.edu http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/ b b Campus representative to the Census Bureau’s State Data Center program. b b Assistance with American Factfinder,