1. The Global Conflict: Allied Successes
Chapter 31 Section 3
The Global Conflict: Allied Successes

2. Setting the Scene
World War II was fought on a larger scale and in more places than any other conflict in history. It was also more costly in terms of human life than any previous war. Civilians, as well as soldiers, were targets. In 1941, a reporter visited a Russian town that had been home to 10,000 people before the German invasion. The reporter found a lone survivor: "She was a blind old woman who had gone insane. I saw her wandering barefooted around the village, carrying a few dirty rags, a rusty pail, and a tattered sheepskin.”
From 1939 until mid-1942, the Axis ran up a string of successes. The conquerors blasted villages and towns and divided up the spoils. Then the Allies won some key victories. Slowly, the tide began to turn.

3. I. Occupied Lands - Europe
The Axis set out to build a "new order" in the occupied lands of Europe, Asia and the Pacific

4. I. Occupied Lands - Europe
The Nazis stripped conquered nations of art, factories, and resources; “inferior races” to forced to work as slave laborers
The World Jewish Congress says the Nazis seized up to $30 billion worth of art
Slave laborers in the Buchenwald concentration camp

5. I. Occupied Lands - Europe
Hitler's policy was to kill all "racially inferior" people – Jews, Slavs, Gypsies, homosexuals, communists, the mentally ill, etc.
Crematoriums at the Nazi concentration camp in Weimar, Germany, April 1945
Gas Chamber at Auschwitz

6. I. Occupied Lands - Europe
Jews were forced into ghettos and concentration camps; by 1941, Nazis planned for the "final solution of the Jewish problem"
Jews rounded up after the 1943 Warsaw Ghetto Uprising

7. I. Occupied Lands - Europe
Hitler had special death camps built in places like Auschwitz, Sobibor, and Treblinka

8. I. Occupied Lands - Europe
By 1945, the Nazis had murdered six million Jews and 6 million other "undesirable" people - the Holocaust

9. II. Occupied Lands - Asia
Under the slogan "Asia for Asians," Japan created the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere

10. II. Occupied Lands - Asia
Japanese killed and tortured civilians, destroyed cities and towns, and made people into slave laborers
During the six weeks of the Nanking Massacre, the Chinese were not simply murdered. They were tortured, humiliated, and raped. The Japanese used a wide variety of methods of murder.

11. III. The Allied War Effort
1942: the “Big Three” - Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin - agreed to defeat Hitler first and then concentrate on Japan
The "Big Three" Yalta: Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin

12. III. The Allied War Effort
The Allies were committed to total war - governments directed the economy, rationed goods, and regulated prices and wages

13. III. The Allied War Effort
Governments limited the rights of citizens, censored the press, and used propaganda to win public support for the war

14. III. The Allied War Effort
As men joined the military, millions of women built ships, tanks, and planes; produced munitions; and staffed offices
Rosie the Riveter by Norman Rockwell

15. III. The Allied War Effort
Women served in the military, fought in the resistance, and became soldiers in the Red Army
Marie-Madeleine Fourcade
USSR Soldier

16. IV. Turning Points
1942 and the Allies pushed back the Axis powers and turned the tide of war

17. General Bernard Montgomery, “Monty” General Dwight D. Eisenhower “Ike”
IV. Turning Points
British Gen. Montgomery and American Gen. Eisenhower defeated Rommel in May 1943 at El Alamein
General Bernard Montgomery, “Monty”
General Dwight D. Eisenhower “Ike”

18. IV. Turning Points
July 1943, Allies landed in Sicily and moved into southern Italy, defeating the Italian forces

19. IV. Turning Points
The Italians overthrew Mussolini and signed an armistice, but fighting did not end until 18 months later
The bodies of Benito Mussolini and his mistress, Clara Petacci were hung by their heels after being killed by Italian partisans in Milan, April 1945

20. IV. Turning Points
After winning the Battle of Stalingrad, the Red Army advanced into Eastern Europe

21. IV. Turning Points
The Allies invaded France on D-Day - June 6, 1944; by September all of France was free

22. The Allies focused on conquering Germany first before defeating Japan
IV. Turning Points
The Allies focused on conquering Germany first before defeating Japan