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Digital Logic Design Week 3
Logic gates (NOT, AND, OR, NAND, NOR, XOR, XNOR) Applications of Binary Codes (MOTIVATION) (ASCII and UNICODE codes, Seven-segment Display Code, Gray code-rotation counter, Error Detection and Correction code)
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Logic gates Logic gates Fixed-function logic & programmable logic
NOT gate AND gate OR gate NAND gate NOR gate Exclusive-OR (XOR) and exclusive-NOR (XNOR) gates Fixed-function logic & programmable logic
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Basic logic operations and symbols
True only if all input conditions are true AND OR True only if one or more input conditions are true NOT Indicates the opposite condition X True/false conditions are represented by voltages: HIGH = true LOW = false
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NOT gate also known as an inverter
performs inversion or complementation HIGH ↔ LOW 1 ↔ 0
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NOT gate Truth Table A X A truth table shows the output corresponding to each possible input Three equivalent ways to write the NOT condition: X = NOT A X = A’ We’ll use truth tables extensively in the course
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NOT gate Timing diagram A X A X
Application: A group of inverters can be used to form the 1’s complement of a binary number: Binary number 1’s complement
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AND gate A B X Produces a HIGH output when all inputs are HIGH; otherwise, the output is LOW
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AND gate Truth table for a 2-input AND gate
X Truth table for a 2-input AND gate 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 AND operation is sometimes shown with a dot between the variables, but it may be implied (no dot): AND operation is written as X = A·B or X = AB
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AND gates have 2 or more inputs
#inputs = n #input combinations (= #rows in truth table) = 2n 2 inputs → 22 = 4 input combinations 3 inputs → 23 = 8 input combinations 4 inputs → 24 = 16 input combinations Write the truth table for a 3-input AND gate
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AND gate A B X Timing diagram
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AND gate
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OR gate A B X Produces a HIGH output if any input is HIGH; if all inputs are LOW, the output is LOW
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OR gate Truth table for a 2-input OR gate
X Truth table for a 2-input OR gate 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 The OR operation is shown with a plus sign (+) between the variables: OR operation is written as X = A + B
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OR gates have 2 or more inputs
Write the truth table for a 3-input OR gate
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OR gate
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NAND gate NAND = NOT-AND Truth table for a 2-input NAND gate
0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 NAND operation is written as or
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NOR gate NOR = NOT-OR Truth table for a 2-input NOR gate
0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 NOR operation is written as or
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Alarm to be activated if any door/window is open
Name the mystery gate #1 Alarm to be activated if any door/window is open ?
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Name the mystery gate #2 ?
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Name the mystery gate #3 Light turns on if this signal is LOW ???? Want green light ON if both tanks are at least 25% full Level sensor output is HIGH if tank is at least 25% full
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XOR gate 2-input exclusive-OR (XOR) gate produces a HIGH output if the inputs are at opposite logic levels one HIGH & one LOW Truth table for a 2-input XOR gate 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 XOR operation is written 3-input XOR defined: extends to N-input XOR
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XNOR gate A X B 2-input exclusive-NOR (XNOR) gate produces a HIGH output if the inputs are at same logic levels both HIGH, or both LOW Truth table for a 2-input XNOR gate 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 XNOR operation is written
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Summary of logic gates
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1. The binary number 100011010100011011112 expressed in hexadecimal is:
(a) AD46716 (b) 8C46F16 (c) 8D46F16 (d) AE46F16 2. Convert the decimal number to hexadecimal
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3. Express the decimal number 246910 in binary-coded decimal.
4. A communication system transmits 9-bit blocks of information using an even parity scheme. The following byte of information is to be transmitted: Calculate the value of the parity bit to be attached to this byte.
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5. For the set of input waveforms shown below, draw the timing diagram showing the output X in relation to the inputs.
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6. By examination of the timing diagram below, identify the type of 3-input gate which generates the output X. ?
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7. A 2-input gate with inputs A and B generates output X shown in the timing diagram below. The gate is: an OR gate an AND gate a NOR gate a NAND gate A X B
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9. The truth table for a 2-input NOR gate is:
0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 a. b. 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 c. d. © 2008 Pearson Education
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10. Compute the 2’s complement of 011011002
The decimal number is expressed in 8-bit 2’s complement form as:
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12. Write −3410 as a binary number in 8-bit 2’s complement form
13. Convert each of the following decimal numbers to 8-bit 2’s complement form, and add them: −52 and 25. Check your answer by converting the result back to decimal.
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14. Convert the hexadecimal number 6B16 to octal (base-8)
15. Perform the following addition of hexadecimal numbers: DF16 + AC16
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