1. NAE Vowels-Part 1
Think about the vowel phonemes as you say the vowels that occur in the middle of these words: beat, bit, bait, bet, bat, but, pot, bought, boat, put, boot, bite, boy, bough

2. Features of a vowel
Core or peak of a syllable

3. Study guide #2
Why are Vs more difficult to classify according to their articulation than consonants?

4. Features of a vowel
Sound made with continual vibration of the vocal cords
And an unobstructed vocal tract

5. Features of a vowel
Lack of obstruction makes it difficult to describe the articulation precisely.

6. Study guide #3 Describe the vowel phonemes.
Know the relative V positions (the quadrant) for simple Vs & diphthongs, tenseness, & lip rounding.

7. Vowel classifications
High, mid, low
Front, central, back
Tense, lax
Rounded, spread
Simple, glide, diphthong

8. NAE Vowels--tongue positions
boot
beat
bit
put
bait Ə
bet
but
boat
bat
bought
pot 8

9. NAE Vowels--tongue positionsƏ

10. NAE Vowels--relative height
Front vowels: /iy/ and /æ/

11. NAE Vowels--relative height
Back vowels: /uw/ and /ɑ/

12. Study guide #5
Explain the difference between tense & lax vowels.

13. NAE Vowels--tense & laxƏ

14. NAE vowels--tense & lax
Tense: includes all the glides, outer limits of quadrant
Can occur in open syllables: be, bay, pa, law, bow, view
Similar to pure vowels in Spanish & Japanese, etc.--/a, i, e, o, u/

15. The glide /ey/

16. The glide /ow/

17. NAE vowels--tense & lax
Lax: if stressed or in single-syllable words, only in closed syllables
For example: pit, pet, pat, putt, put
/ ɪ, ɛ, æ, ə, ʊ /

18. Study guide #6 & #7 Lax Vs: usually most difficult for NNSs (marked)
Common, but not a good, ELL strategy: shorten duration (of a tense counterpart)

19. Rounded Vs = back Vs Sagittal diagram of /uw/: most rounded vowel
Other rounded vowels: /ʊ, ow, ɔ/ 19

20. Spread Vs = front Vs Sagittal diagram of /iy/: the most spread vowel
Other spread Vs: /ɪ, ey, ɛ, æ/ 20

21. Study guide #8
Explain how the cardinal vowels in English differ from their pure vowel counterparts.

22. Cardinal v.s. pure vowels
Cardinal vowels: / iy, ey, ɑ, ow, uw /--English
Pure vowels: / i, e, ɑ, o, u /--Japanese & Spanish 22

23. Study guide #9
Be able to predict which Vs sounds might be easily confused, substituted for one another.

24. Vowels
What gets substituted for a difficult vowel is quite predictable: a sound with features in common with the target phoneme

25. Vowels
For example, what would be substituted for / ɛ /?
/ ʊ /?
/ ɪ /?
/ uw /?

26. Study guide #10
Why might it not be the best use of your time to focus on teaching / ɔ/ to a learner of NAE?
/ ɔ /

27. Vowels The /ɑ/ /ɔ/ contrast--??
In pairs, divide the following words into /ɑ/ /ɔ/ categories: arm, box, car, corn, cost, dog, fall, god, heart, law, not, off, stop, strong, talk, war, warm, watch

28. Vowels Dictionary answer:
/ɑ/ group: arm, box, car, god, heart, not, stop, watch
/ɔ/ group: corn, fall, law, off, strong, talk, war, warm, dog
Either way: cost

29. Study guide #11
Explain the difference between a glide and a diphthong in CMBG’s system.

30. Diphthongs: /ay, aw, ɔy/ As in buy, bow, boy
Distinguishing feature: pronounced tongue movement (from bottom upward) 30

31. NAE Vowels--dipthongs

32. NAE Vowels--dipthongs

33. Glides v.s. diphthongs
Glides move much less--/iy, ey/ very little, /ow, uw/ more
Diphthongs are quite easy for NNSs because nothing similar, so no confusion

34. Main characteristics of NAE Vs
Classified as high, mid, low
Classified as front, central, back
Classified as tense or lax (based on muscle tension resulting from location in quadrant & gliding)

35. Main characteristics of NAE Vs
Classified as unrounded (spread) or rounded
Classified according to movement (simple vs. glides, diphthongs)