1. Irrigation Ideas Focus on how man has moved water from one place to another

2. What is Irrigation? The broadest definition of irrigation is simply the deliberate application of water to soil. The ultimate goal of irrigation is to make the land fertile and lush. The broadest definition of irrigation is simply the deliberate application of water to soil. The ultimate goal of irrigation is to make the land fertile and lush.

3. Irrigation Critical throughout history We often irrigate marginal lands with fragile soils in areas that do not get enough rain Water has to travel from the place of origin to the place of use We have to control the water’s flow- too much water …too fast is not good Need to balance water needs of plants with the potential for runoff and soil loss Critical throughout history We often irrigate marginal lands with fragile soils in areas that do not get enough rain Water has to travel from the place of origin to the place of use We have to control the water’s flow- too much water …too fast is not good Need to balance water needs of plants with the potential for runoff and soil loss

4. Engineered Irrigation There are lots of ways to get water from the source (a river or lake) to a field People can carry it in buckets- but water is heavy! Horses, donkeys, oxen or some other animal carries it- it’s heavy for them too! You can dig a canal - that is hard work - and engineering! You can run a pipe - That sounds like a good idea! There are lots of ways to get water from the source (a river or lake) to a field People can carry it in buckets- but water is heavy! Horses, donkeys, oxen or some other animal carries it- it’s heavy for them too! You can dig a canal - that is hard work - and engineering! You can run a pipe - That sounds like a good idea!

5. Engineered Irrigation

6. Lesson Focus Students work in teams to design and build a system to move water from one source to two different delivery areas.

7. Lesson Challenge Move two cups of water for at least four feet and distribute it evenly into two separate containers. Minimize and capture all water leakage Control rate of flow (the slower the better) Move two cups of water for at least four feet and distribute it evenly into two separate containers. Minimize and capture all water leakage Control rate of flow (the slower the better)

8. Procedure Develop a plan Build your "irrigation" system Test your system. Evaluate the effectiveness of your own irrigation systems and those of other teams Present findings to the class. Develop a plan Build your "irrigation" system Test your system. Evaluate the effectiveness of your own irrigation systems and those of other teams Present findings to the class.

9. Materials Each team will get: 1 large cup 2 smaller cups 10 straws 6 paper clips 10 toothpicks Duct tape, masking tape Aluminum foil Each team will get: 1 large cup 2 smaller cups 10 straws 6 paper clips 10 toothpicks Duct tape, masking tape Aluminum foil

10. Constraints - limitations or restrictions Use only materials provided Cups must be free standing, not taped to the table or floor No drips - or - if there are drips you must capture all the dripped water Use only materials provided Cups must be free standing, not taped to the table or floor No drips - or - if there are drips you must capture all the dripped water

11. Engineering Goal Move the water at least four feet from a source to 2 cups that will receive the water Water distributed equally between the 2 cups Challenge- for those who want to do more you may try this - in addition to the goals stated above: make the longest irrigation system Have the slowest moving water Split the water into a 75% and 25% ratio (after accomplishing 50% water in each cup) Move the water at least four feet from a source to 2 cups that will receive the water Water distributed equally between the 2 cups Challenge- for those who want to do more you may try this - in addition to the goals stated above: make the longest irrigation system Have the slowest moving water Split the water into a 75% and 25% ratio (after accomplishing 50% water in each cup)

12. Individual Accountability You work together as a group BUT…… Each person is responsible for completing and turning in the Irrigation Ideas worksheet You work together as a group BUT…… Each person is responsible for completing and turning in the Irrigation Ideas worksheet

13. Evaluation Questions Did you succeed in creating an irrigation system that was able to split the water source into two cups of water equally? What characteristics made for a good design? What revisions needed to be made between the design and the testing phases? Did you succeed in creating an irrigation system that was able to split the water source into two cups of water equally? What characteristics made for a good design? What revisions needed to be made between the design and the testing phases?

14. Applications to the real world How does what you have done today apply to the real world? Why is irrigation important? How does an increasing world population affect the need for irrigation? Why do we need engineers? How does what you have done today apply to the real world? Why is irrigation important? How does an increasing world population affect the need for irrigation? Why do we need engineers?