1. HUMAN IMPACT on the BIOSPHERE Chapter 6-1 (plus page 160) A Changing Landscape

2. Watch the Chapter 6 videovideo

3. Humans participate in ____________ & _______________cycles Ecosystems provide us with a variety of _____________________ Food websBiogeochemical http://www.brevardcounty.us/mrrp/images/misc/boat_cartoon.jpg http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/images/nitrogencycle.jpg “GOODS & SERVICES”

4. “GOODS & SERVICES” provided by ecosystems __________________ ___________ production Nutrient ____________________ Solar energy Oxygen storage & recycling For image sources: see last slide

5. “GOODS & SERVICES” provided by ecosystems ____________regulation __________ production ___________for wildlife Climate For image sources: see last slide Food Habitats

6. ____________________of human and industrial waste ___________________ and ______________________ “GOODS & SERVICES” provided by ecosystems detoxification Images from: Natural pest disease control

7. Source of new ____________________ Air & water __________________ Soil _____________ and ___________ management “GOODS & SERVICES” provided by ecosystems medicines erosion runoff purification

8. HUMAN POPULATION http://www.learner.org/jnorth/spring2002/species/spring/Update041902.html#Humankind

9. WORLD POPLUATION Current world population almost 7 BILLION Estimates predict it will reach 9 billion by 2050 http://www.peopleandplanet.net/ World clock Image from: http://www.sleepbamboo.com/planet_people.jpg

10. HUMAN ACTIVITIES can change local and global environments! ____________________ _____________________ ___________________________ HUNTING AGRICULTURE INDUSTRY URBAN DEVELOPMENT Images from: http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/s2s/latest/art1/src/proj/Art/cave_art/Hunters-Deer.jpg http://www.istockphoto.com/file_thumbview_approve/127525/2/istockphoto_127525_farming.jpg http://www.kidcrosswords.com/kidoutdoors/the%20environment/pollution_smokestacks.jpg http://www.lubee.org/images/about-threats-1.jpg

11. HUNTING AND GATHERING Throughout human history, people have ____________ and ___________ in rivers, and _____________ wild seeds, fruits, and nuts. We are still doing this today in many places. http://www.amonsoquath.net/gallery/pages/chee.html http://www.travelwriter.co.za/let-the-train-strain_p2.html hunted fished gathered

12. WHEN IT BECOMES A PROBLEM? _________________ ________________ http://www.aeffonline.org/images/poachersandelephant.jpg http://msnbc.msn.com/id/8302763 OVERHUNTING POACHING

13. OVERHUNTING can put animal populations at risk of ____________ extinction Alagoas Curassow: extinct in wild 1980’s Miss Waldron’s Red Colobus monkey Extinct 2000 http://www.petermaas.nl/extinct/speciesinfo/misswaldronredcolobus.htm http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=100&m=0 http://lawyerkm.files.wordpress.com/2008/09/dodo_11.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moa Moa: extinct 1500’s Dodo: extinct 1681

14. VOCAB Species that has died out = ______________ Species whose population size is rapidly declining and will become extinct if the trend continues = _____________ Species that is at risk of becoming endangered in the near future = ____________ threatened extinct endangered http://www.blackfootedferret.org/ http://www.fresnochaffeezoo.com/images/bald-eagle.gif http://www.southeastutah.org/photos/dino.jpg

15. According to the World Conservation Union (IUCN), 784 extinctions have been recorded since Some scientists estimate at the rate we are going 24 percent of plants and animals will be committed to extinction by 2050 We're talking about 1.25 million species! http://www.igreens.org.uk/extinctions_predicted_from_globa.htm Image from: http://members.graphicsfactory.com/clip-art/image_files/tn_image/2/1313572-tn_TombStone001_92007.jpg the 19th century

16. BIODIVERSITY THREAT http://www.lubee.org/images/about-threats-1.jpg Tropical rainforests are disappearing at a rate of about 80 acres per minute.

17. EXAMPLE: WHALES During the 19th and the earlier part of 20th centuries, over-hunting led to a severe _________of whale populations, and to _______________ of many whale species. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whaling#Conservation_status overkill endangerment http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/guides/456900/456973/html/nn1page1.stm Minke whale = most hunted species

18. Today many major whales species are endangered North Atlantic Right< 350 Southern Right3000 Bowhead8000 Blue2,300 Sei10-28,000 Humpback10,000 Bowhead8,000

19. EXAMPLE: North American Buffalo ______________ in America once numbered 30 - 60 million, ranging from Virginia to Alaska and all points in between. By 1884, the buffalo was close to extinction due to ______________. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Bison Pile of bison skulls, 1870’s Wild buffalo overhunting

20. HOW DO WE HELP? International Whaling Commission has placed a moratorium on whaling. Only works if nations voluntarily comply http://www.cdnn.info/eco/whaling_250146.jpg

21. HOW DO WE HELP? Conservation efforts, private ownership, and reintroduction of buffalo have allowed the population to recover slightly. Today, the total buffalo population in North America is estimated at 90,000 and about 85 percent of these animals are privately owned. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Bison

22. WHAT PROBLEMS CAN THIS CAUSE? Many endangered animals today are threatened by ____________________ http://cnnstudentnews.cnn.com/EARTH/9710/02/kenya.ivory.ap / Illegal poaching http://www.aeffonline.org/images/poachersandelephant.jpg

23. OVERHUNTING/POACHING All five rhino species are ____________ Just a few decades ago, the world’s rhino population exceeded 100,000, but today there are less than 11,000 due to _____________ and _________________. _______________ are in demand in many countries where they can bring over $60,000/lb. It is ground into medicine in China and carved into ceremonial dagger handles in Yemen. http://nationalzoo.si.edu/Publications/ZooGoer/2003/6/Sidebar_Forensics.cfm Rhino horns habitat losspoaching endangered.

24. WHAT CAN WE DO TO HELP? The_______________________________ __________________________ (CITES) bans international ________ in products from endangered species. trade http://www.mtholyoke.edu/~sjberg/CITES.htm Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species

25. WHAT CAN WE DO TO HELP? Support “Green” organizations that work for laws to establish quotas and protect species. http://www.sierraclub.org/ http://www.ducks.org/states/62/index.html http://www.nwf.org/ http://www.maksimum.com/haberler/h/greenpeacee_cevre_cezasi.php http://www.sierraclub.org/ http://www.brookingshumane.org/

26. HUMAN ACTIVITIES can also change local and global environments! ______________________________ ____________________ _________________ ___________________________ HUNTING and GATHERING AGRICULTURE INDUSTRY URBAN DEVELOPMENT Images from: http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/s2s/latest/art1/src/proj/Art/cave_art/Hunters-Deer.jpg http://www.istockphoto.com/file_thumbview_approve/127525/2/istockphoto_127525_farming.jpg http://www.kidcrosswords.com/kidoutdoors/the%20environment/pollution_smokestacks.jpg http://www.lubee.org/images/about-threats-1.jpg

27. By end of last ice age (about 11,000 years ago) humans began the practice of farming = __________________ Soon people around the world were growing crops and raising animals for food AGRICULTURE http://www.bu.edu/mzank/Jerusalem/im/agriculture.jpg agriculture

28. Changing Agriculture The spread of agriculture was one of most __________ developments in human history. It provided__________ in large quantities that could be stored for later. Allowed people to _________ in one place and enabled the _______________of cities, governments, laws, and writing. http://www.museevirtuel.ca/Exhibitions/Inuit_Haida/inuit/snowmobile.jpghttp://www.travelwriter.co.za/let-the-train-strain_p2.html important food settle development

29. Changing Agriculture By middle of 20 th century, despite agricultural advances there were ________________in many parts of the world. Governments and scientists began a major effort to ____________ food production food shortages increase http://www.enjoy.org/hstech/HungerSite02/america/FordSchwartz/

30. 1.New more productive plant ________ 2. Modern farming____________ allowed planting larger areas 3. Chemical ___________ & ___________ boosted crop production and controlled pests techniques http://interactive.usask.ca/ski/media/stills/agriculture/crops/t_plant-breeder.jpg http://www.wfbf.com/media_center/photo_gallery/Soybean%20combine.jpg __________ REVOLUTION strains Fertilizers pesticides GREEN

31. MONOCULTURE Large fields are planted with a single variety year after year = ________________ http://imagesource.allposters.com/images/NGSPOD04/107870.jpg MONOCULTURE

32. Changing Agriculture Over the last 50 years, the green revolution has helped world food production _________. Even though hunger is still a major problem in parts of the world, agriculture and the green revolution have provided many people with better nutrition. http://www.enjoy.org/hstech/HungerSite02/america/FordSchwartz/ double

33. Challenges for Future Modern agriculture has increased world _________________, but has also created ________________ challenges. Large scale monoculture leads to problems with ____________ and _______________. Use of farm chemicals (fertilizers & pesticides) can damage ____________ insects, ________________ water supplies, and ______________ in the environment ecological food supplies Insect pests diseases beneficial contaminate accumulate

34. Challenges for Future Finding enough __________ for irrigation is another problem. Less than ¼ of US farmland relies heavily on ___________, but this area produces a __________ portion of our harvest. http://www.suu.edu/faculty/bowman/Econ1740/HeilbronerZinn/ogallala_aquifer_map_pic_2.gif water irrigation major

35. Challenges for Future Many Midwest states rely on the ___________aquifer for their water needs. However, we are using water faster than the water cycle can _____________ it. Evidence indicates this aquifer may __________ within 20-40 years. http://www.suu.edu/faculty/bowman/Econ1740/HeilbronerZinn/ogallala_aquifer_map_pic_2.gif OGALLALA replenish run dry

36. HEY, WE GOTTA EAT and HAVE A PLACE TO LIVE, DON’T WE? The planet provides us with the resources we need to stay alive, but... how do we balance our needs (wants?) with keeping the planet healthy so it will be around for future generations? http://www.cibike.org/Eating.htm

37. HOW DO WE HELP? Applying modern______________ to farming is changing some of this environmental impact. EX: __________ imaging and _____ technology enable farmers to apply chemicals only where______________ technology Satellite GPS needed

38. HOW DO WE FIX IT? EX: ________ and other “green” farming methods can reduce ____________ and protect ___________________ http://cbarc.aes.oregonstate.edu/images/no-till.jpg “No-till” soil erosion ecosystems

39. Cover Crops Legumes, grasses, and other cover crops recycle soil nutrients, reduce fertilizer need, and prevent weed growth. Controlled Grazing By managing graze periods and herd densities, farmers can improve nutrient cycling, increase the effectiveness of precipitation, and increase the carrying capacity of pastures. Biological Pest Control The use of predators and parasites to control destructive insects minimizes pesticide use as well as crop damage Contour Plowing Contour plowing reduces soil erosion from land runoff. On hilly areas, plowing is done across the hill rather than straight up and down. Crop Rotation Different crops use and replenish different nutrients. By rotating crops, the loss of important plant nutrients is decreased. AB C Yr. 1 Yr. 2 Yr. 3 Section 6-4 Sustainable Agriculture Ways to preserve the environment corn alfalfa oats alfalfa (plowed in)

40. INDUSTRIAL GROWTH and URBAN DEVELOPMENT The impact of humans on the biosphere was transformed by the _____________________ during the 1800’s. http://www.archives.gov/research/american-cities/images/american-cities-015.jpg INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

41. Industrial productivity and scientific advancements have provided us with the ______________________ we enjoy today modern conveniences http://www.vallartasource.com/images/cell_phone.jpg http://www.danielwiener.com/daniel/tips/archives/humvee_2.jpg http://www.scriptfx.com/gallery/computer/laptop.jpg http://www.wii-volution.com/images/wii/gamecube.jpg http://www.nbz.ru/pic/catalog/ipod/ipod_color.gif

42. BUT... The spread of urban areas has resulted in the _____________ habitats. Air, water, & soil _____________ has had an impact on surrounding ecosystems. destruction http://www.kidcrosswords.com/kidoutdoors/the%20environment/pollution_smokestacks.jpg pollution

43. Energy production requires ______________________ which impacts _______________ and _______________. http://tuberose.com/Environmental_Toxicity.html burning fossil fuels air quality global climate MORE ON THIS IN 6-4!

44. SOURCES http://www.romanviii.co.uk/bp/nhpage.asp?pcat=about_us http://mff.dsisd.net/Environment/Cycles.htm http://www.animation-station.com/smileys/index.php?page=17

45. SOURCES http://www.oldetimecooking.com/Images/Fruits/Apple.jpg http://vilenski.org/science/safari/classifyall/eukaryotic.html http://dustconnection.com/images/stories/cleaning_bucket_sm.jpg