1. The United States and Oil How has America’s growing oil dependency affected US foreign policy toward the Middle East?

2. History of oil discovery Oil discovered in US in 1800s Oil exporting peak of US in 1930s After WWII US changed from oil exporting to oil importing country Middle East started production of oil right after WWII

3. Where is oil in the Middle East?

6. OPEC Founded in 1960 to protect and determine the price of oil Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries Founded by Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Venezuela

9. What has recently happened to oil prices? 1970 oil rose $6 to $12 per barrel (doubles in Ford’s 4 years as president). (a barrel = 42 gallons) April 19, 2007: $72/barrel May 20, 2008: $129/barrel; national average per gallon = $3.80 (when Bush took office… –Gas was $1.47) –May 8, 2011 national avg. $4/gallon World Gas prices as of May 19, 2008: –U.K.: $8.28 –Russia: $3.06 –Netherlands: $9.52 –Saudi Arabia: $0.45

10. April 2012 average = $3.95 for regular (up 6% from last year)

12. Historically how has oil affected American foreign policy? 1953- CIA coup in Iran 1973- oil embargo after Yom Kippur War 1991- Persian Gulf War Current- friendship with Saudis

20. 2011 Chart (whitehouse.gov) US has less than 2% of the world’s oil reserves In 2011 the US relied less on oil than any of the past 16 yrs.

24. 2006 Oil producers consumers Oil suppliers to the US http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2007/1 1/06/business/20071107_WINNERSLOSE RS_GRAPHIC.html?ref=oilpetroleumandg asoline#http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2007/1 1/06/business/20071107_WINNERSLOSE RS_GRAPHIC.html?ref=oilpetroleumandg asoline#