1. AMERICA- A Nation of Stories

2. No single unified story with coherent narrative Varied voices among one nation

3. Sources 1 Native American population = approximately 300 million, 300+ separate indigenous cultures, 800 languages spoken mostly oral literature - written lit. doesn’t really appear until colonization occurs

4. Sources 2 Travel writings of explorers Spanish, Italian, French, English Columbus (1492) Hispaniola Florentine Amerigo Vespucci (S. American coast 1499) First to publish idea that a new continent had been found - lands were credited to him “America” Sir Walter Raleigh Roanoke Island, NC (1580’s)= Lost colony - disease, Native American attacks, food shortages, hurricane??? Spaniards explore Florida and the Southwest

5. Explorers’ Writings Observations recorded by explorers to New World. Explorers use their journals to raise funds for further exploration. Cabeza de Vaca provides firsthand accounts of native life and culture.

6. Historical Background Native Americans were displaced across the continent because of the colonists When Europeans came, so did much slaughter and disease Between 1492 and 1617, Native American population was reduced 10% of original numbers

7. Sources 3 Religious Groups Puritans of New England 1620- Plymouth, Mass. (102) 1630 - Mass. Bay Colony 1633 - Maryland 1636 - Rhode Island 1681 - Pennsylvania

8. Why leave England? Henry VIII established the Anglican Church, separated from the Roman Catholic Church control (1534) Mary I (1556) returns country to Catholicism Elizabeth I (1558) breaks with Rome again James I (1603) moves country back again To make things brief: Because of the separation of various monarchs from Roman Catholic control, many “protest” religions developed = Protestantism

9. Religious Indifference Puritans want: Catholic influence gone To get back to basics To follow only the Christian Bible To destroy the influence of educated priesthood To ban Catholic sacraments/rituals/pagan holidays Ban altars/images/priesthood/covenants

10. Colonization - Jamestown - 1607 Pilgrims = Separatists moved to Holland in 1608 to practice pure and unspotted Christianity First British permanent colony= Jamestown, VA - 1607 led by Captain John Smith Eventually sailed to the colonies with permission from king - agree to catch fish, dry them, and ship them back to England Purpose- commercial (trade & farming) Many die from famine and disease 1612- tobacco started growing 1619- African slaves brought

11. Colonization - Plymouth - 1620 Puritans and Pilgrims land at Plymouth, Mass., 1620 Mayflower (102 passengers) Leader - William Bradford (Puritan) They were supposed to land in VA (under jurisdiction of London Co. Mayflower Compact- majority rule Many died; Native Americans helped them raise corn and catch fish Wampanoag leader - Massasoit signed peace treaty with colonists

12. PLYMOUTH ROCK

13. Separatists(Pilgrims) and Non- separatists (Puritans) Puritans & pilgrims were members of the Church of England Puritans – want to purify, not break from Church of England However, some think Church (and by its connection with the government of England) is beyond fixing = Separatists

14. Topics of Colonial American literature Their voyage to the new land, adapting themselves to unfamiliar climates and crops, dealing with Indians. They wrote in diaries and in journals. They wrote letters and contracts and government charters and religious and political statements. They wrote about the land which stretched before them. All seemed possible through hard-work and faith.

15. Pilgrims / Mayflower Passengers Presented plans to British merchants - VA Co. - got 7,000 pounds to purchase supplies, seeds for crops, tools, and to hire a ship to carry them across the Atlantic

16. Pilgrims / Mayflower Passengers Nov. 21st- dropped anchor in Provincetown, MA Dec. 21st - after an exploratory voyage along Cape Cod, landed & founded Plymouth Colony

17. William Bradford Of Plymouth Plantation Describes the impact of expanding Europe on primitive America Helped plant the colony Plymouth in 1620 Governed for 30 years Holland voyage; voyage of America; founding of Plymouth; slow growth of colony; Indian relations

18. Plymouth First 2 years- tough; developed economic system = “The Common Course and Condition” - share whatever you produce (unfair); Result- shortages Bradford’s plan- larger families get more land; do what you wish 1623- 60 more settlers arrived

19. Of Plymouth Plantation Written 1630; published 1856 Why did Bradford write? Posterity Spiritual Reflection Private Mayflower Compact - first recorded document of colonial self-govt.

20. Divine Intervention - Ch. 9 Haughty sailor’s death Fixing the main’s beam Winds Dangerous shoals and roaring breakers

21. First Impressions of New World- Ch. 9 No friends; no inns; barbarians showed little kindness; Winter; Only saw a hideous and desolate wilderness Full of thickets

22. What would they be looking for in establishing a new settlement? 1st expedition - on foot, followed Indians, found river, Indian food, returned for shallop 2nd expedition - return to river in shallop, find Indian corn/beans, but not a deep harbor 3rd expedition - by shallop- storm forced them to an island; end of declaring this was the best place they could find

23. Chapter 11 Sickness and disease take over; “The Chosen” were not infected Some sailors wouldn’t help comrades Sailors acknowledge Christian people /actions Indians steal Samoset / Squanto / Massasoit- peace treaty

24. Puritans of Mass. Bay Colony Required by law to attend church (no religious freedom) Laws restricted games, drinking, strolling, and dancing on Sabbath Day Lawbreakers help up to public ridicule in stocks or on pillory Believed education was essential to read and understand the Bible and God’s teachings

25. 1630- Mass. Bay Colony 900 colonists settled with the aid of Plymouth and Native American neighbors Charted by King Charles - Puritans - those who sought to purify or reform the church of England but did NOT want to separate Governor John Winthrop wanted to create a “city upon a hill” Colony was a theocracy - government by a god

26. Puritans of Mass. Bay Colony Arrive with food, clothing, tools, livestock Colonists included educated ministers, wealthy merchants, landowners, farmers, artisans Lived under watchful eye and scrutiny of church and colony leadership

27. PURITANS Dedicated to self determination, independence and freedom, strong tradition of preaching, and thus education Sermons were most popular literary form Mass Bay Colony became cultural center of colonies Harvard 1636 Colonial Press 1638-9 at Cambridge First printed book 1640 First colonial newspaper published in Boston 1690