1. Unit 5: Nationalism, Imperialism, and Resistance By Peter Morley

2. South Africa 1652-1910 First European colony established at the Cape of Good Hope The Dutch established it as a trade center on the way from India and the Spice Islands Set up farms, while displacing the Khoikhoi people who had lived in the land for a longtime before Khoikhoi were taken as slaves by the Europeans to do the labor that was needed In 1708 half were slaves and half were free After the Napoleonic Wars, the legal and military control were given to the British British culture was pushed on the natives Representative government instituted Abolition of the slave trade in 1834 Voting restrictions and property restrictions restricted Africans of political power Masters and Servants Act limited the freedom of movement of black workers Boers fought and conquered and gained control of the Cape New weapons increased technology and made warfare more deadly Suez Canal restructured the shipping routes between Asia and Europe in 1869 Diamonds discovered Two Boer republics into the Union of South Africa

3. A Western Orientation in West Africa Two colonies established for freed slaves Began to found businesses Tropical agricultural products, used to replace slave trading Sierra Leone was a haven for free slaves Many slaves were recaptured by the British Sierra Leone became highly Christian and Western Liberia formed Cotton plantations main work place for slaves Fruits tobacco and maize introduced Ivory trade Trade caravans popular Short stretches of railroads created Racist policies created

4. European Explorers and the Scramble for Africa Missionaries big part of Christianity in Africa David Livingstone a Scottish missionary is an example of the steps they took to make Africa more Western King Leopold II established trade stations Leopold ran a company like government Treaties that the African leaders signed cheated them because they couldn’t read the agreements Africans resisted some agreements because they knew they were not fair France retreated to Algeria, and to Morocco, which later divided with Spain

5. Japan: From Isolation to Equality, 1867-1914 Japan was unified by race, for as long as the first dated back dynasties National political structure Closed to outside countries contact especially European Chose relative isolation rather than face challenges from the Westerners Recognized the need to transform militarily, economically, diplomatically, politically and culturally Later moved from full isolation to prominent participation in the world of nation-states

6. End of Shogunate Permitted the Chinese to trade at Nagasaki under strong restrictions European countries pushed away when trying to connect with them Foreigners granted legal rights New leaders in the government, made changes in the economy, politics, social structure, technology and culture Disputes over who should be the shogun The Meiji restoration ended the power of the shogunate forever and brought the diamyo and their you samurai to power in the name of the Emperor Meiji

7. Policies of the Meiji Government New political, economic, and military models Japanese leaders experienced the west first hand Ministry of education was established in 1871 Foreign instructors brought to Japan Brought in American experts Large scale farming practices Doctors brought in from Germany Turned over the states to the emperor Stipends paid to the samurai to avoid out right revolt Bought ships from the British

8. Restructuring the Economy and Urbanization Japan built up first agriculture Agricultural colleges spread new techniques and information Profits went to landlords not peasants Peasants heavily taxed The government was an entrepreneur Government financed tile and glass factories, coal mines, iron mines, a machine-tool factory, cement works, textile mills, shipyards, and mine and weapon manufacturing Homes were for wives, children and household duties The institutional and economic changes of the restoration were taking effect Urban populations multiplied Culture dramatically changed

9. Culture Change and Gender Philosophers read western texts Sense of growing power and rising imperialism Tokugawa Japan had valued formal education Schools recognized for high quality and public education Started to have big universities Male dominance in the home Civil code reinforced patriarchy within the family, granting the male the head of the family