1. The Big Bang Sam Tipton Justin Matteri Jordan Stone Physics 4D Y. Ataiiyan May 4, 2006

2. What is the Big Bang All matter of Universe emerged from single dense hot state Combination of Cosmological Principals and general Relativity 13.7 Billion years ago Giant ball of matter (Nucleosynthesis), Alpher-Bethe- Gamow(1946) Hubble’s Law (1929) Red Shift

3. Supportive Evidence Abundance of Lighter Elements: Li, H, He, Be Cosmic Radiation -Cosmic Microwave Background -Proposed 1948 Gamow-Alpher -Proved 1965 Bell Lab Universe Expanding (Red Shift)

4. Timing http://www.okcu.edu/astronomy/Tutorial/Cosmology.htm

5. Timing http://www.hayadan.org.il/BuildaGate4/portals/hayadan/imagesP/sub36/368744087-L-big-bang-theory.jpg

6. RHIC Facility Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider 2-3.7km Rings BRAHMS, PHOBOS, STAR, PHENIX Gas filled detector Gold and other heavy nuclei to 0.99999C Tests Quantum Chromo dynamics (QCD) Temps up into the Trillions of degrees

7. Gas Detector at STAR

8. RHIC Discoveries Mini Bangs at 20,000 GeV 10 30 atm and T=5*10 15 C 15 Times energy needed to free quark Resulting pattern shows fluid like versus gas like. Performs with almost no viscosity.

9. In the Future Tracking heavier charm and Beauty quarks Next step at CERN’s LHC (Large Hadron Collider) in 2008 Uses lead nuclei at 10 6 GeV Will produce temperatures of over 10 Trillion degrees Uses ALICE detector, with technology from PHENIX and STAR detectors

10. References Foundations of Big Bang Cosmology:WMAP Cosmology 101: http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/m_uni/uni_101bb2.html http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/m_uni/uni_101bb2.html Riodan,Michael and Zajc, William a. “The First Few Microseconds,” Scientific American: May 2006 Wikipedia:Big Bang Theory: www.wikipedia.org/big_bang/articlewww.wikipedia.org/big_bang/article Thornton, Stephan T. and Rex, Andrew. Modern Physics for scientists and engineers, Thomson 2006 RHIC Homepage: www.bnl.gov/RHIC/www.bnl.gov/RHIC/ RHIC animations: www.phenix.bnl.gov/WWW/software/luxor/ani/www.phenix.bnl.gov/WWW/software/luxor/ani/ “What have we learned from the relativistic heavy ion collider? Thomas Ludlam and Larry McLerran in Physics Today, Vol. 56, No 10, Pages 48-54: October 2003