1. agriculture

2. The cultivating of land, producing crops, and raising livestock for human consumption

3. archipelago

4. A group or chain of islands

5. Bushido

6. code of conduct for Samurai and nobles during Japanese feudalism

7. Caste System

8. rigid social class system in Hinduism

9. centralized government

10. a government which controls all aspects of society from a central location or through a central system

11. chivalry

12. code of conduct for knight and nobles during European feudalism

13. Crusades

14. European Christian military expeditions made between the 11th and 13 th centuries to retake the Middle Eastern Holy Lands occupied by the Muslims

15. cultural diffusion

16. The spreading of ideas through contact such as trade or war

17. democracy

18. A system of government in which the citizens hold the legislative, judicial, and executive power, based on majority rule

19. divine right

20. The justification of monarchy through the word of God

21. dynasty

22. A succession or series of rulers of a country from the same family

23. encomienda system

24. A system of production in Spain’s New World possessions w granted permission to conquistadors to enslave as many people needed to work a plantation

25. ethnocentric

26. A belief in the superiority of a certain ethnic group or race

27. famine

28. Widespread hunger caused by the near or complete lack of food

29. feudalism

30. A social, political, and economic system that dominated all aspects of medieval European life

31. golden age

32. A time of high achievement in arts, literature, and science in a culture Generally occurs in times of peace

33. hieroglyphics

34. system of writing which uses pictures for concepts and ideas

35. humanism

36. A philosophical movement during the Renaissance stressed life on Earth, and the quality of being human Rejected living only for the afterlife

37. jihad

38. Religious duty of Muslims to defend the Islamic faith

39. Magna Carta

40. A document granting basic rights in England signed by King John in 1215 considered to be the beginnings of British democracy

41. Mecca

42. city in Saudi Arabia where Muslims must make a pilgrimage at least once in their life

43. merchant

44. a person who sells goods or services a member of the middle class in most societies

45. mercantilism

46. The policy of building a nation's wealth by exporting more goods than it imports. Colonies are instrumental in this policy as they supply their parent nations with raw materials that are used to produce finished goods, and then exported back to the colonies. Colonies not only served as a source for the raw materials, but also as an exclusive market for the parent country

47. militarism

48. Political policy that is dominated by the military and the competitive buildup of arms

49. monarchy

50. A political system in which a country is ruled by a monarch The head of state has complete power

51. monotheism

52. belief in one god

53. natural resources

54. Various materials found in nature used in manufacturing –such as wood, coal, and oil

55. Neolithic Revolution

56. (10,000 - 8,000 BCE) development of agriculture and the domestication of animals as a food source led to the development of permanent settlements and the start of civilization

57. parliament

58. A government's legislative body

59. persecution

60. Treating a person, or a group of people unfairly or cruelly due to ethnic background, gender, or other difference

61. pilgrimage

62. A religious journey to visit a shrine or other holy site

63. polytheism

64. belief in many gods or goddesses

65. Protestant

66. Member of Christian religious sect which formed during the Protestant Reformation Protestants reject the authority of the Roman Catholic Church

67. reincarnation

68. The rebirth of a soul into another body

69. revolution

70. a dramatic change in ideas, practice, or government

71. rigid social class system

72. A social class system where there is no mobility A person remains in the same class their entire life

73. Roman Catholic

74. A branch of Christianity based in Rome The original Christian church

75. Silk Road

76. Trade route from China to the Middle East Called the Silk Road due to China’s most important export

77. terrace farming

78. The cutting out of flat areas (terraces) into near vertical slopes to allow farming appear as steps cut into a mountainside allowed both the early Chinese, and the Inca of Mesoamerica to grow enough food for their large populations

79. Triangle Trade

80. A catch all phrase for the trade occurring between Europe, Africa, and the Americas Trade goods include raw materials from the Americas, manufactured goods from Europe, and slaves from Africa

81. urbanization

82. The movement of people to urban areas in search of work

83. westernization

84. To adopt western ideas and culture