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Monosaccharides and Disaccharides
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The elements which make up carbohydrates are:
Carbon (C) Hydrogen (H) Oxygen (O)
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Monosaccharides -Single Sugar- Monosaccharides are: Sweet tasting
Soluble in water Reducing sugars These are the basic building blocks of other carbohydrates of which are the reducing sugars: Glucose Fructose The Formula for glucose is C6 H12 O6
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Disaccharides -Double Sugars- May be non-reducing Sweet tasting
Water soluble Disaccharides are formed by CONDENSATION REACTION of 2 Monosaccharides, the bond is called a glycosidic bond. Sucrose Maltose
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Condensation Reactions
The chemical reaction that links monosaccharides together to produce polymers (disaccharides etc) is called a CONDENSATION REACTION. Examples include: 2 glucose molecules to form maltose A glucose and a fructose to form sucrose
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2 Glucose to form Maltose
+ Hydrolysis Condensation H2O
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A Glucose and a Fructose to form Sucrose
+ Condensation H2O Hydrolysis
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Summary So… CLASSIFICATION: The basic sugar unit = the saccharide
1 sugar unit = Monosaccaride 2 sugar units = Disaccharide Examples of Monosaccharides: Glucose, Fructose Examples of Disaccharides: Maltose, Sucrose These are formed by CONDENSATION REACTIONS To reverse the reaction it is called HYDROLYSIS
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