1. Welcome Unit 4 Seminar Community-Oriented Policing and Problem Solving

2. Policing America, 6 th edition Kenneth Peak © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 2 We are moving… Unit One – History of Policing Unit Two – Local, State & Federal Agencies Unit 3 - Patrol

3. Policing America, 6 th edition Kenneth Peak © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 3 Unit Three and Four Assignments Seminar Discussion Board Quiz Project Paper Reading (Chapter 4 – Citizen to Officer & Chapter 5 – On Patrol) (All due on February 22nd by 11:59pm) Seminar Discussion Board Quiz Reading (Chapter 6 – Community Policing and Chapter 7 – Criminal Investigation) (All due on March 1st by 11:59pm) Unit Three Unit Four

4. Policing America, 6 th edition Kenneth Peak © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 4 Unit 4 Assignments Discussion board Undercover Quiz Retake to improve grade Seminar Remember to participate

5. Policing America, 6 th edition Kenneth Peak © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 5 Unit 5 mid term essay Write a 2 page paper response (excluding cover page) for each of the following questions: Contrast the differences and similarities between the federal, state, and local levels of law enforcement. How did August Vollmer and other pioneers in law enforcement contribute to the development of criminal investigative techniques? 400 words for each answer Minimum of 2 references for each answer Due on 8 March 2011

6. Policing America, 6 th edition Kenneth Peak © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 6 Request

7. Policing America, 6 th edition Kenneth Peak © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 7 Question What is the best way to describe community policing?

8. Policing America, 6 th edition Kenneth Peak © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 8 Question Have you ever attended a community policing event? Citizen’s police academy? Miami Phoenix

9. Policing America, 6 th edition Kenneth Peak © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 9 Basic Principles of Community Policing Redefined role Public must be engaged in the fight against crime and disorder Peel emphasized this in the 1820s In the early 1980s, COP emerged as the dominant model Working partnership with community

10. Policing America, 6 th edition Kenneth Peak © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 10 Basic Principles of Community Policing Long-term process that involves fundamental institutional change Role from crime fighter to problem solver Decentralized organizational structure and changes in recruiting, training, evaluations, promotions Break away from incident-driven policing

11. Policing America, 6 th edition Kenneth Peak © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 11 Video Time Watch the video Then return to the seminar to discuss the video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v= UAf23H2Dz7I http://www.youtube.com/watch?v= UAf23H2Dz7I

12. Policing America, 6 th edition Kenneth Peak © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 12 Basic Principles of Community Policing Police station houses are being changed in terms of design and amenities Was seen as unfriendly places Some jurisdictions now have police stations with ATMs, kitchen-equipped meeting rooms for public use and more areas open to the public

13. Policing America, 6 th edition Kenneth Peak © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 13 Major Step Forward: Problem-Oriented Policing Problem solving is not new Routine application of problem-solving techniques are new Problem solving can be applied by officers throughout the agency Routine problem-solving efforts can be effective in reducing or resolving problems

14. Policing America, 6 th edition Kenneth Peak © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 14 Basic Principles of Community Policing Problem-orienting policing (POP) was grounded on different principles than COP, but they are complimentary POP advocates that police examine underlying causes of recurring crime Herman Goldstein is the principal architect of POP

15. Policing America, 6 th edition Kenneth Peak © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 15 Question What are the responsibilities of a beat officer in the community policing model?

16. Policing America, 6 th edition Kenneth Peak © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 16 Questions Have you ever been a victim of a crime? If so did you make a police report? How was your contact with the police? Positive or negative?

17. Policing America, 6 th edition Kenneth Peak © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 17 Questions What are the top three crimes in your immediate neighborhood? How did you learn about crime issues in your area? Does your local police provide information or statistics about crime in your area?

18. Policing America, 6 th edition Kenneth Peak © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 18 Problem Solving Process In Chicago Police Department we have a five step process Other cities use variations called a four step process This process is used for problems that occur in the community Allows officers to work together with community members to solve problems

19. Policing America, 6 th edition Kenneth Peak © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 19 Theft From Auto

20. Policing America, 6 th edition Kenneth Peak © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 20 5 Step Process 1. Identify the problem 2. Analyze the problem 3. Design strategies 4. Implement the strategies 5. Evaluate and acknowledge success A simple but effective process that can be used at work, home or school

21. Policing America, 6 th edition Kenneth Peak © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 21 SARA Four-stage problem-solving process 1. Scanning Behaviors Locations People Time Events Primary purpose of scanning is to conduct a preliminary inquiry to determine if a problem does exist

22. Policing America, 6 th edition Kenneth Peak © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 22 Video Time Watch the video Then return to the seminar to discuss the video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v= iDzkn7b6gxA http://www.youtube.com/watch?v= iDzkn7b6gxA

23. Policing America, 6 th edition Kenneth Peak © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 23 Sources of Information Neighborhood Watch Block Clubs Community meetings Free cell phones to volunteers Anonymous hot tip line to police Empowering the community

24. Policing America, 6 th edition Kenneth Peak © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 24 SARA 2. Analysis The heart of the problem-solving process Learn as much as possible about the problem to identify causes Identifying seriousness of the problem Knowing all the individuals involved and affected Listing all the causes of the problem Assessing current responses and their effectiveness

25. Policing America, 6 th edition Kenneth Peak © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 25 SARA Several methods developed for analyzing Problem-analysis triangle The use of crime-mapping and offense reports The analysis of CFS The use of community surveys

26. Policing America, 6 th edition Kenneth Peak © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 26 SARA Some factors known to affect volume and type of crime Population density Variations in composition of population Stability of population Modes of transportation Climate Citizens’ attitudes toward crime

27. Policing America, 6 th edition Kenneth Peak © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 27 SARA Types of crime analysis 1. Tactical Provides information used to assist operations personnel Includes associating criminal activity by method, crime, time, date, location

28. Policing America, 6 th edition Kenneth Peak © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 28 SARA 2. Strategic Concerned with long-range problems and projections of long-term increases or decreases in crime Also includes the preparation of crime statistical summaries, resource acquisition, and allocation studies

29. Policing America, 6 th edition Kenneth Peak © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 29 SARA 3. Administrative Focuses on provision of economic, geographic, or social information to administration Problem solvers should review their findings about the three sides of the crime triangle – victims, offenders, and locations

30. Policing America, 6 th edition Kenneth Peak © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 30 SARA 3. Response The ultimate challenge in POP The search for the most effective way of dealing with the problem Focuses on developing and implementing responses to problem

31. Policing America, 6 th edition Kenneth Peak © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 31 SARA 4. Assessment Officers evaluate the effectiveness of their responses Reduced instances of repeat victimization Decreases in related crime or incidents Neighborhood indicators Reduced citizen fear related to the problem

32. Policing America, 6 th edition Kenneth Peak © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 32 Basic Principles of COPPS Both COP and POP share characteristics 1. Decentralization 2. Geographically rather than functionally defined subordinate units 3. Close interactions with local communities

33. Policing America, 6 th edition Kenneth Peak © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 33 Basic Principles of COPPS For COPPS to succeed, the following measures are required 1. Conducting accurate community needs assessments 2. Mobilizing all appropriate players to collect data and brainstorm strategies 3. Determine appropriate resource allocations

34. Policing America, 6 th edition Kenneth Peak © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 34 Basic Principles of COPPS 4. Developing and implementing innovative, collaborative, comprehensive programs to address underlying causes and causal factors 5. Evaluating programs and modifying approaches as needed

35. Policing America, 6 th edition Kenneth Peak © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 35 Implementation of COPPS Strongly argued that a departmentwide of COPPS be used No golden rule or any universal methods to ensure the successful adoption The role of the rank-and-file officer The role of the environment where COPPS is implemented

36. Policing America, 6 th edition Kenneth Peak © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 36 Implementation of COPPS Leadership and Administration Communicate to all department members the vital role of COPPS Provide incentives to engage in COPPS Reduce the barriers to COPPS that can occur Show officers how to address problems

37. Policing America, 6 th edition Kenneth Peak © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 37 Implementation of COPPS Human Resources Middle managers and first-line supervisors play a crucial role First-line supervisors and senior patrol officers seem to generate the greatest resistance to COPPS

38. Policing America, 6 th edition Kenneth Peak © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 38 Implementation of COPPS Field Operations Recruiting, selection, training, performance evaluation, promotion, honors and awards, discipline Recruiting literature should reflect the principles of COPPS Integrated into academy training

39. Policing America, 6 th edition Kenneth Peak © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 39 Implementation of COPPS External Relations Collaborative responses to neighborhood crime and disorder are essential to the success of COPPS New relationships and sharing of information between the police and the community

40. Policing America, 6 th edition Kenneth Peak © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 40 Implementation of COPPS Media provides means to educate the community about COPPS Political support Broader role of the street officer “Thinking” officers Do more than handle calls Design effective ways of responding

41. Policing America, 6 th edition Kenneth Peak © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 41 Community Policing in Japan Heavy emphasis on order maintenance and prevention Counseling services Trained in dispute resolution Urban police visit neighborhood households Koban

42. Policing America, 6 th edition Kenneth Peak © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 42 Evaluating COPPS No clear verdict until rigorous evaluations Evaluation not the same as the SARA process Outcome measures might include: Control of crime Citizen satisfaction with police services Decreased fear of crime

43. Policing America, 6 th edition Kenneth Peak © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 43 Crime Prevention Better to prevent a crime rather than trying to solve a crime “Lock it or lose it” Giving advice to citizens about door locks At its heart, COPPS is about preventing crime

44. Policing America, 6 th edition Kenneth Peak © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 44 Crime Prevention Crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) “Proper design and effective use of the environment” 1. Natural access control 2. Natural surveillance 3. Territorial reinforcement

45. Policing America, 6 th edition Kenneth Peak © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 45 Crime Prevention Five types of information needed 1. Crime-analysis information 2. Demographics 3. Land use information 4. Observations 5. Resident information

46. Policing America, 6 th edition Kenneth Peak © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 46 Crime Prevention Repeat Victimization (RV) Greater attention given to offenders than to crime victims If police want to know where a crime will occur next, they should look at where it happened last One in three burglaries is a repeat burglary of a household

47. Policing America, 6 th edition Kenneth Peak © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 47 Crime Prevention A small number of victims accounts for a disproportionate number of victimizations Drug Abuse Resistance and Education DARE program Program needs new direction

48. Policing America, 6 th edition Kenneth Peak © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 48 Goodnight! Thank you for the active participation Power point is available in doc sharing section Participate in the discussion board early and often Remember to submit unit 3 project paper AIM martinfoley1 mfoley2@kaplan.edu