1. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Security Level: Slide title :40-47pt Slide subtitle :26-30pt Color::white Corporate Font : FrutigerNext LT Medium Font to be used by customers and partners : Arial www.huawei.com Recent Progresses in Green Wireless Research Sep 2011 Dr. Shugong XU Shugong@huawei.com ITU Green Standard Week

2. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Slide title :32-35pt Color: R153 G0 B0 Corporate Font : FrutigerNext LT Medium Font to be used by customers and partners : Arial Slide text :20-22pt Bullets level 2-5: 18pt Color:Black Corporate Font : FrutigerNext LT Medium Font to be used by customers and partners : Arial Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes. ---------------- The following nine groups of colors are an example of how our design colors can be used, please take note that you should only use one design color group per slide. For specific usage details, refer to the “Typesetting Standard”. Page 2 Operator’s Demand Per-user power reduced by 20% @ 2020 (vs.2006) CO2 emission reduced by 80% @ 2020 (vs.1996) “Green Action Programme ”starts up now! “power consumption per traffic in 2010 lower 40% than 2005 Lower power consumption, save source, CO area and cost, waste recycle “Low energy is key performance”, said by TI CTO Stefano Pileri Develop energy saving plan for NGN2 Improve equipment EE by 20% in 2009 Take CN, ON, DC as purchase compliance “Green plan” –change work environment to energy saving mode Cooperate with Verizon, Qwest organize ATIS NIPP TEE standard Take energy consumption as key element CO2 emission in 2010 lower 50% than 1995 Initiate CO900 project Improve equipment EE by 30% energy saving -- CEO Cesar Alierta Total power, petrol, water consumption Energy consumption per unit in 2011 lower by 40% than that of 2005 Lower power consumption and improve EE

3. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Slide title :32-35pt Color: R153 G0 B0 Corporate Font : FrutigerNext LT Medium Font to be used by customers and partners : Arial Slide text :20-22pt Bullets level 2-5: 18pt Color:Black Corporate Font : FrutigerNext LT Medium Font to be used by customers and partners : Arial Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes. ---------------- The following nine groups of colors are an example of how our design colors can be used, please take note that you should only use one design color group per slide. For specific usage details, refer to the “Typesetting Standard”. Page 3 Green Radio – A key enabler Green Radio -- A key enabler for sustainable mobile communication business Big gap Traffic Data Voice Revenue Trends Exponential growth in data traffic Number of base stations / area increasing for higher capacity Revenue growth constrained and dependent on new services Carriers under pressure to dramatically reduce TCO and energy bill Consequences Energy use cannot follow traffic growth without significant increase in energy consumption  MUST REDUCE Energy Per Bit Number of base stations increasing  MUST REDUCE Operating Power Per Cell to save TCO Time

4. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Slide title :32-35pt Color: R153 G0 B0 Corporate Font : FrutigerNext LT Medium Font to be used by customers and partners : Arial Slide text :20-22pt Bullets level 2-5: 18pt Color:Black Corporate Font : FrutigerNext LT Medium Font to be used by customers and partners : Arial Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes. ---------------- The following nine groups of colors are an example of how our design colors can be used, please take note that you should only use one design color group per slide. For specific usage details, refer to the “Typesetting Standard”. Page 4 Green Radio Research Worldwide FP7 IP EARTH (2010~2012) Celtic - OPERA-NET (2008~2010) MVCE Core5 GreenRadio (2009~2012) GreenTouch (2010~2015)

5. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Slide title :32-35pt Color: R153 G0 B0 Corporate Font : FrutigerNext LT Medium Font to be used by customers and partners : Arial Slide text :20-22pt Bullets level 2-5: 18pt Color:Black Corporate Font : FrutigerNext LT Medium Font to be used by customers and partners : Arial Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes. ---------------- The following nine groups of colors are an example of how our design colors can be used, please take note that you should only use one design color group per slide. For specific usage details, refer to the “Typesetting Standard”. 5 Innovating Ultra Low-Energy Networks is Super-Hard and Requires Global Consortium Collaboration among Experts from across industry and world’s top institutions working together in matrix of open innovation Pre-competitive research that emphasizes clean slate architectures and out-of-the-box thinking Broad support and funding By 2015, demonstrate architectures and technologies that yield a 1000-fold improvement in network efficiency (using 2020 traffic projections) over 2010 network efficiency Green Touch Consortium

6. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Slide title :32-35pt Color: R153 G0 B0 Corporate Font : FrutigerNext LT Medium Font to be used by customers and partners : Arial Slide text :20-22pt Bullets level 2-5: 18pt Color:Black Corporate Font : FrutigerNext LT Medium Font to be used by customers and partners : Arial Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes. ---------------- The following nine groups of colors are an example of how our design colors can be used, please take note that you should only use one design color group per slide. For specific usage details, refer to the “Typesetting Standard”. Consortium 5 Year Goal  Define architectures  Demonstrate tech. Use models for network in 2020 to set technology demonstration requirements

7. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Slide title :32-35pt Color: R153 G0 B0 Corporate Font : FrutigerNext LT Medium Font to be used by customers and partners : Arial Slide text :20-22pt Bullets level 2-5: 18pt Color:Black Corporate Font : FrutigerNext LT Medium Font to be used by customers and partners : Arial Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes. ---------------- The following nine groups of colors are an example of how our design colors can be used, please take note that you should only use one design color group per slide. For specific usage details, refer to the “Typesetting Standard”. Modeling Provides Clear Picture of Goals GreenTouch 5 year Goal: Element efficiency demonstration targets for model 2020 network Overall network efficiency target in 2020 Baseline year 2010 Target year 2020 GreenTouch results in five years: 2015 Efficiency in Mbps/W 7 GreenTouch : Building the Roadmap | 2011 © 2011 GreenTouch Consortium DRAFT MODEL

8. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Slide title :32-35pt Color: R153 G0 B0 Corporate Font : FrutigerNext LT Medium Font to be used by customers and partners : Arial Slide text :20-22pt Bullets level 2-5: 18pt Color:Black Corporate Font : FrutigerNext LT Medium Font to be used by customers and partners : Arial Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes. ---------------- The following nine groups of colors are an example of how our design colors can be used, please take note that you should only use one design color group per slide. For specific usage details, refer to the “Typesetting Standard”. Membership growing

9. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Slide title :32-35pt Color: R153 G0 B0 Corporate Font : FrutigerNext LT Medium Font to be used by customers and partners : Arial Slide text :20-22pt Bullets level 2-5: 18pt Color:Black Corporate Font : FrutigerNext LT Medium Font to be used by customers and partners : Arial Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes. ---------------- The following nine groups of colors are an example of how our design colors can be used, please take note that you should only use one design color group per slide. For specific usage details, refer to the “Typesetting Standard”. Green Touch Research Projects… Beyond Cellular – Green Mobile Networks Virtual Home Gateway Optimal End-to-End Resource Allocation Service Energy Aware Optical Networks Green Transmission Technologies Minimum Energy Access Architectures Single-Chip Linecards Large-Scale Antenna Systems Highly-Adaptive Layer Mesh Networks Massive MIMO 25+ Projects Active & In Prep. 9GreenTouch : Building the Roadmap | 2011 © 2011 GreenTouch Consortium

10. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Slide title :32-35pt Color: R153 G0 B0 Corporate Font : FrutigerNext LT Medium Font to be used by customers and partners : Arial Slide text :20-22pt Bullets level 2-5: 18pt Color:Black Corporate Font : FrutigerNext LT Medium Font to be used by customers and partners : Arial Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes. ---------------- The following nine groups of colors are an example of how our design colors can be used, please take note that you should only use one design color group per slide. For specific usage details, refer to the “Typesetting Standard”. Green Radio activities in Greentouch Beyond Cellular – Green Mobile Networks Green Transmission Technologies Large-Scale Antenna Systems And More … 10

11. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Slide title :32-35pt Color: R153 G0 B0 Corporate Font : FrutigerNext LT Medium Font to be used by customers and partners : Arial Slide text :20-22pt Bullets level 2-5: 18pt Color:Black Corporate Font : FrutigerNext LT Medium Font to be used by customers and partners : Arial Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes. ---------------- The following nine groups of colors are an example of how our design colors can be used, please take note that you should only use one design color group per slide. For specific usage details, refer to the “Typesetting Standard”. Page 11 The GREAT project Research on Theoretical Limits & Achievable Regions Framework & Guidance Fundamentals Research on Novel Joint Optimized Green Technologies Green Technologies Technologies Architecture Research on Innovative Radio Access Network (RAN) Architecture Green Architecture Evaluation System Research on Energy Efficiency Evaluation (3E) System Evaluation Platform GREAT 绿色无线卓越计划 Dedicated Research Project on Green Radio

12. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Slide title :32-35pt Color: R153 G0 B0 Corporate Font : FrutigerNext LT Medium Font to be used by customers and partners : Arial Slide text :20-22pt Bullets level 2-5: 18pt Color:Black Corporate Font : FrutigerNext LT Medium Font to be used by customers and partners : Arial Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes. ---------------- The following nine groups of colors are an example of how our design colors can be used, please take note that you should only use one design color group per slide. For specific usage details, refer to the “Typesetting Standard”. Fundamentals in Green Radio 4 Fundamental Tradeoffs Power Consumption Bandwidth Consumption Energy Efficiency Deployment Efficiency Power Consumption Latency Bandwidth - Power Tradeoff DE – EE Tradeoff Power - Delay Tradeoff Energy Efficiency Spectrum Efficiency SE - EE Tradeoff Published in IEEE Communications Magazines, June 2011. Quickly became top 10 downloads in whole IEEE.

13. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Slide title :32-35pt Color: R153 G0 B0 Corporate Font : FrutigerNext LT Medium Font to be used by customers and partners : Arial Slide text :20-22pt Bullets level 2-5: 18pt Color:Black Corporate Font : FrutigerNext LT Medium Font to be used by customers and partners : Arial Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes. ---------------- The following nine groups of colors are an example of how our design colors can be used, please take note that you should only use one design color group per slide. For specific usage details, refer to the “Typesetting Standard”. Page 13 Evaluation System Research on Energy Efficient Evaluation (3E) System Define energy efficiency model & metrics for different levels Device/Component Level BTS level Network level Evaluate the gain of different technologies in the framework of energy efficiency CoMP / Relay / Femtocell / DAS … Build unified simulation platform/ testbed for system-level simulation GSM/ CDMA/ UMTS/ LTE … Unified Evaluation Architecture Device Level BTS Level Network Level DAS Femtocell Relay CoMP GSMCDMAUMTSLTE … … Quantitative Model & Metrics Advanced Air Interface Technology System-Level Verifications Unified Architecture for Energy Efficiency Evaluation (3E) Research Areas

14. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Slide title :32-35pt Color: R153 G0 B0 Corporate Font : FrutigerNext LT Medium Font to be used by customers and partners : Arial Slide text :20-22pt Bullets level 2-5: 18pt Color:Black Corporate Font : FrutigerNext LT Medium Font to be used by customers and partners : Arial Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes. ---------------- The following nine groups of colors are an example of how our design colors can be used, please take note that you should only use one design color group per slide. For specific usage details, refer to the “Typesetting Standard”. Page 14 Architecture Research on Innovative RAN Architecture An Example of Deployment Related Study Small Cell Size Large Cell SizeHeterogeneous Arch./Multi-RAT Smaller path-loss Smaller Tx Power Lower PA Requirement More Infrastructure CAPEX? OPEX? Interference? Relayed Architecture Largerr path-loss Larger Tx Power Higher PA Requirement Less Infrastructure CAPEX? OPEX? Interference? Which Architecture? Unified Metrics Service Requirement Site/Equipment Cost Dynamic Management Depends on Research Areas

15. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Slide title :32-35pt Color: R153 G0 B0 Corporate Font : FrutigerNext LT Medium Font to be used by customers and partners : Arial Slide text :20-22pt Bullets level 2-5: 18pt Color:Black Corporate Font : FrutigerNext LT Medium Font to be used by customers and partners : Arial Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes. ---------------- The following nine groups of colors are an example of how our design colors can be used, please take note that you should only use one design color group per slide. For specific usage details, refer to the “Typesetting Standard”. Page 15 Research on Novel Joint Optimized Green Technologies Technologies An Example of Relay Study on Optimized Resource Scheduling Time slot Spectrum Power Subspace User Throughput-Oriented Resource Allocation Energy-Efficiency-Oriented Resource Allocation Shift to How to Given the QoS requirement, reduce unnecessary energy consumption in any possible way Research Areas

16. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Slide title :32-35pt Color: R153 G0 B0 Corporate Font : FrutigerNext LT Medium Font to be used by customers and partners : Arial Slide text :20-22pt Bullets level 2-5: 18pt Color:Black Corporate Font : FrutigerNext LT Medium Font to be used by customers and partners : Arial Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes. ---------------- The following nine groups of colors are an example of how our design colors can be used, please take note that you should only use one design color group per slide. For specific usage details, refer to the “Typesetting Standard”. Pin = A (conf, traffic, Pout) * Pout + B (conf, traffic, Pout ) Page 16 3E System Energy Consumption Modeling 3E System Modeling Basic Modeling (E for BTS/Site/ Network levels, etc) Basic Modeling (E for BTS/Site/ Network levels, etc) Cabinet Energy Consumption Air － Conditioner Energy Consumption Carrier Energy Consumption Network Energy Consumption Site Energy Consumption RBS Energy Consumption P_net = sum_i P_site_i * N_site_i Which is sum over different time period Different geographical areas Network LevelSite LevelRBS Level Huawei is actively coordinating the Wireless Architecture/Metric subgroup in GreenTouch

17. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Slide title :32-35pt Color: R153 G0 B0 Corporate Font : FrutigerNext LT Medium Font to be used by customers and partners : Arial Slide text :20-22pt Bullets level 2-5: 18pt Color:Black Corporate Font : FrutigerNext LT Medium Font to be used by customers and partners : Arial Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes. ---------------- The following nine groups of colors are an example of how our design colors can be used, please take note that you should only use one design color group per slide. For specific usage details, refer to the “Typesetting Standard”. Page 17 Insight from Shannon BW - PW Tradeoff Power limited region Bandwidth limited region Low Power High Power Power Bandwidth SE - EE Tradeoff Power limited region bandwidth limited region Low Power High Power Spectrum Efficiency Energy Efficiency DL - PW Tradeoff Delay sensitive region Delay tolerant region High Power Low Power Average Delay Average Power DE - EE Tradeoff Cost effective region Cost ineffective region Low Power High Power Energy Efficiency Deployment Efficiency

18. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Slide title :32-35pt Color: R153 G0 B0 Corporate Font : FrutigerNext LT Medium Font to be used by customers and partners : Arial Slide text :20-22pt Bullets level 2-5: 18pt Color:Black Corporate Font : FrutigerNext LT Medium Font to be used by customers and partners : Arial Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes. ---------------- The following nine groups of colors are an example of how our design colors can be used, please take note that you should only use one design color group per slide. For specific usage details, refer to the “Typesetting Standard”. Page 18 Lots of research to be done

19. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Slide title :32-35pt Color: R153 G0 B0 Corporate Font : FrutigerNext LT Medium Font to be used by customers and partners : Arial Slide text :20-22pt Bullets level 2-5: 18pt Color:Black Corporate Font : FrutigerNext LT Medium Font to be used by customers and partners : Arial Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes. ---------------- The following nine groups of colors are an example of how our design colors can be used, please take note that you should only use one design color group per slide. For specific usage details, refer to the “Typesetting Standard”. Page 19 Green Vision – let’s make it happen Device -Level Site -Level Network -Level Traffic growth data voice revenue Time cost Traffic growth data voice revenue cost Time Green Radio An Enabler of This Change Green Radio An Enabler of This Change

20. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Slide title :32-35pt Color: R153 G0 B0 Corporate Font : FrutigerNext LT Medium Font to be used by customers and partners : Arial Slide text :20-22pt Bullets level 2-5: 18pt Color:Black Corporate Font : FrutigerNext LT Medium Font to be used by customers and partners : Arial Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes. ---------------- The following nine groups of colors are an example of how our design colors can be used, please take note that you should only use one design color group per slide. For specific usage details, refer to the “Typesetting Standard”. Page 20 Enriching Life Through Communication