1. Wastewater Treatment
Alexander Adams, Luke Bosse, Elizabeth Kissner, Stephanie Linares, William Major, Gabriel Rivera, Rachel Voss

2. Introduction First treatment focused on removal and collection
Privies and cesspools
Followed by “dry sewage system”
Pails
During industrial revolution sewer pipes were built privately
Many abandoned halfway and dumped into nearby water sources
Medical advances proved polluted water caused diseases
Cholera outbreak

3. Introduction
Beginning of 20th century plants made with filters, settling tanks, and/or chlorination
1948 Federal Water Pollution Control Act
Provide federal funding for treatment plants
1972 the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments
Provide standards on quality of effluent water
Modern trends
Energy efficiency and reusability

4. Objective
Create an efficient way to treat municipal wastewater that incorporates traditional methods of treatment with new methods that includes algae.
Cultivate algae and bacteria in order to treat municipal water.
Harvest biomass.
Take treated water and process it through a tertiary treatment to achieve potable water.

5. Flowchart
This is the overall Flowchart. Each individual part will show their components of the flow chart zoomed in

6. Raw Materials
Municipal wastewater is a collection of water from households, businesses and small industries by means of a sewer system
Water Supply Considerations
Water Demand
Useful Life vs. Design Life
Census Data often used
Water Source Evaluation
Water Quality
Physical, Chemical and Microbiological, and Radiological
Plant sizing and layout

7. Inflow/Headworks Inflow vs. Infiltration Variability of Flow Rates
Unit operations placed at the upstream end of the plant
Pumping Station (Lift Station)
Flow Measurement Devices
Preliminary Treatment

8. Pretreatment Removes large insolubles
Required because large insolubles can clog later filtration

9. Bar Screens Very cheap and easy to manage
Requires regular cleaning of the screens by belts or manual labor
Source:

10. Comminutors Grinds up large insolubles
Later filtered out in primary treatment
Insolubles can recoagulate and clog system later
More expensive but requires less maintenance
Source:

11. Primary Treatment Equalizing Basins Settling Tanks Sludge Treatment
In-Line
Off-Line
Settling Tanks
Sludge Treatment
Clarifier in wastewater treatment plant.
Source:

12. What is Microalgae?
Microscopic, single-cell organisms that exist in fresh water and marine environment
Thousands of species
Are able to create large amounts of biofuel
Use Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus and expel Oxygen
sunchlorella

13. Algal-Bacterial Cultures
Synergistic Cooperation
Benefits:
Reducing need for aeration
Alleviating the release of green house gasses
Forming flocs that increase settleability

14. Isolation, Selection and Inoculum Ratios
Specific to the environment
Studies
5:1 and 1:1 algae to sludge
ratios are most efficient

15. Algal and bacterial inoculum
OMEGA
Biomass
𝐶𝑂 2
𝑂 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑
𝐶𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑛
𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟
Harvest
Algal and bacterial inoculum

16. OMEGA Offshore Membrane Enclosure for Growing Algae Proposed by NASA
Large, flexible, plastic tubes (PBRs)
Remove BOD, Pathogens, Phosphorus, and Nitrogen
Lundquist

17. Photobioreactor
TED talks

18. TED talks

19. OMEGA Pros Cons Extremely sustainable
Cost efficient, can compete with fossil fuels
Cons
Biomass will rarely settle well, thus possible interference with disinfection
Hasn’t been tried on a large scale
Collection of water

20. TED talks

21. NASA Ames
Forward Osmosis: Like reverse osmosis, uses a semi-permeable membrane to separate water from dissolved solutes. The driving force is an osmotic pressure gradient. High “draw” solution(sea water) has a higher concentration than the feed solution (wastewater), thus separating feed water from solutes.

22. Low Rate Facultative Ponds
Secondary Treatment
Low Rate Facultative Ponds
Image from (Ali)

23. Secondary Treatment Cont.
High Rate Algal Ponds
Image from (Park, )

24. Tertiary Treatment Determined to be expensive
Highly increased product purity
Processes can vary in extensiveness

25. Simple vs. Extensive Injector Pressure Regulating Valve
Image source:
Injector

26. Conclusion Process development from allocation to re-use
Insoluble/Non-treatable removal (Preliminary)
Isolate and Purify Product (Primary and Secondary) Polishing of Product (Tertiary)
Product pumped out to reservoir/storage/wetlands

27. Inquiries?
Feel free to ask any questions!