1. Focus On Grammar Book 2, 5 th edition Lesson 13: Passive Voice And Active Voice

2. 13.1 - Overview Good Overview on page 416 Also, see – http://www.esl2000.com/grammar/passive.html http://www.esl2000.com/grammar/passive.html “Mistakes have been made.” ≠ “I have made mistakes.”

3. 13.2 Form HVBE (passive)verbEN RiceIsEaten. IAmEatingRice. RiceIsBeingEaten. RiceIsEaten. IHaveEatenRice. RiceHasBeenEaten. BE + verbEN Add this to any other tense (past, future, perfect, progressives0 Use base form of BE after a modal. (BY is more useful in grammar class than in real life, but sometimes you need it.)

4. 13.3 Form and Uses BE shows the tense; always use the past participle! BE is in the base form after a modal

5. 13.4 Negatives and Questions Negatives – Can you tell me the rule? Questions – Can you tell me the rules? For subject questions For Y/N questions For other questions – Hint: something about the First Helping Verb Example: Rice has been eaten.

6. 13.5 – Choosing a Voice Read page 425 Use passive in all your science reports. – First, we poured water and rice into the pot. Then, we boiled the water until we cooked the rice. Finally, we ate the rice.

7. 13.5 – More about Choices Use “IT” for discoveries, etc. If the ACTIVE voice has no object, you can’t change it to PASSIVE voice – The children slept for many hours. – The pen fell on the floor. – We laughed at the joke. REMEMBER: use an object pronoun after BY