1. BIOCHEMISTRY Macromolecules

2. - Only one type of element - Cannot be chemically separated - More than one type of element chemically bonded together - Can only be chemically separated into elements

3. Glucose C 6 H 12 O 6 CO 2 H2H2 H2OH2O Fe Pb

4. ORGANIC COMPOUNDS Compounds that contain carbon. Usually associated with living (BIOTIC) things. C

5. INORGANIC COMPOUNDS Compounds that DO NOT contain carbon. These are usually linked with non-living (ABIOTIC) things! C

6. POLYMER A giant molecule made of many smaller molecules (monomers)

7. FOUR GROUPS that make up ALL LIVING THINGS: Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids (DNA and RNA)

8. CARBOHYDRATES Examples: Sugars, starches, cellulose (fiber) FUNCTION: break down molecules to release energy & provide shape

9. CARBOHYDRATES Made up of : –Carbon –Hydrogen –Oxygen

10. CARBOHYDRATES cont. Monomer 1. monosaccharide – single sugar molecules ex. glucose

11. CARBOHYDRATES cont. Polymers Disaccharides – double sugar molecules ex. Fructose (fruit sugar) Polysaccharides – many sugar molecules ex: starch

12. Monosaccharide Disaccharide

13. Cellulose

14. LIPIDS Elements: 1. Carbon 2. Hydrogen 3. Oxygen Monomer: Fatty acid, glycerol Polymer: 3 Fatty acids, 1 glycerol

15. LIPIDS Examples: Fats, waxes, oils, phospholipids, steroids FUNCTION: Fats & oils – long term energy storage ex: Whales & blubber Insulate & repel water

17. PROTEIN Elements… 1. CARBON 2. HYDROGEN 3. OXYGEN 4. NITROGEN Example: Enzymes – proteins that speed up the rate of chemical reactions

18. PROTEIN Monomers = 1 amino acid Polymers = made of many amino acids (20). Functions: Build & repair tissue. Movement Structure Transport Defense Regulation

19. Protein

20. NUCLEIC ACIDS Monomer = nucleotides (a 5- carbon sugar + a nitrogenous base + a phosphate group). Polymer = many nucleotides Elements = C, H, O, N & P Functions Contain genetic information- DNA Control the activities of cells.

21. NUCLEIC ACIDS Examples: –DNA (carries the instructions to control the activities of a cell) –RNA (carries the instructions to make proteins)

22. Nucleotide Nucleic Acid

23. Testing for Nutrients Benedict Test – a test for monosaccharides; simple sugars like glucose or fructose (fruit sugar). In contact with monosaccharides, the Benedict solution turns from blue to green/orange/red.

24. Testing for Nutrients Benedict Test

25. Testing for Nutrients Biuret Test – uses a solution of potassium hydroxide and copper sulfate to test for protein. The Biuret solution turns pink/purple when proteins are present.

26. Testing for Nutrients Biuret Test

27. Testing for Nutrients Iodine – can be used to test for starch, a polysaccharide (complex sugar). Iodine turns dark purple in the presence of starch.

28. Testing for Nutrients Iodine Test No Starch Starch