1. CS-EE 481 Spring 2006 1Founder’s Day, 2006 University of Portland School of Engineering Electric Vehicle Drive System Authors Steven Arlint Abdullah Binsaeed Dustin Buscho Advisor Dr. Robert J. Albright Industry Representative Mr. Paul M. Menig Freightliner

2. CS-EE 481 Spring 2006 2Founder’s Day, 2006 University of Portland School of Engineering Agenda IntroductionDustin Buscho Background Dustin Buscho Methods Steven Arlint Results Steven Arlint Conclusions Abdullah Binsaeed Demonstration Abdullah Binsaeed

3. CS-EE 481 Spring 2006 3Founder’s Day, 2006 University of Portland School of Engineering Introduction Light Weight Electric Vehicle Drive System Designed for motor scooter or motorcycle Designed to compete against gasoline based systems It is an important technology for inner-city commuting Solves problem of lack of purpose built electronics

4. CS-EE 481 Spring 2006 4Founder’s Day, 2006 University of Portland School of Engineering Background: drive system Driver and vehicle weight of approximately 450 lbs. Target speed of 35 MPH No target range (depends on batteries used) Main emphasis on the motor control and feedback Displays data

5. CS-EE 481 Spring 2006 5Founder’s Day, 2006 University of Portland School of Engineering Background 450 lb weight is for 170 lb. rider Used go-kart chassis for approximation

6. CS-EE 481 Spring 2006 6Founder’s Day, 2006 University of Portland School of Engineering Background: speed of 35 MPH Requires adequate power in controller 120 volts, 50 amperes continuous (6 KW) Peak power of 15 KW 120 volt motor and battery needed

7. CS-EE 481 Spring 2006 7Founder’s Day, 2006 University of Portland School of Engineering Background: no target range Lead acid vs. Nickel vs. Lithium The more money the more range

8. CS-EE 481 Spring 2006 8Founder’s Day, 2006 University of Portland School of Engineering Background: displays data Speed Distance Voltage Current Power Cumulative Power

9. CS-EE 481 Spring 2006 9Founder’s Day, 2006 University of Portland School of Engineering Methods: initial research Learned industry standards Motor types (testing and Simulink) Control circuitry (Simulink) Battery types (testing)

10. CS-EE 481 Spring 2006 10Founder’s Day, 2006 University of Portland School of Engineering Methods: initial design Basic power electronics module (PSPICE) Inexpensive motor and batteries Chose microcontroller based control (MPLAB) Connect the two systems (hand calculations)

11. CS-EE 481 Spring 2006 11Founder’s Day, 2006 University of Portland School of Engineering Methods: first circuit build Simple microcontroller code (MPLAB) Small scale (12 volts) (Oscilloscope) Medium scale (36 volts) (Oscilloscope)

12. CS-EE 481 Spring 2006 12Founder’s Day, 2006 University of Portland School of Engineering Methods: second design Start of second semester 120 volt Added control Fail safes Regenerative braking

13. CS-EE 481 Spring 2006 13Founder’s Day, 2006 University of Portland School of Engineering Methods: final build and design Spring break Digital gauge interfaced to logic control board Sensors interfaced to digital gauge Full version of microcontroller code (MPLAB)

14. CS-EE 481 Spring 2006 14Founder’s Day, 2006 University of Portland School of Engineering Methods: Simulink

15. CS-EE 481 Spring 2006 15Founder’s Day, 2006 University of Portland School of Engineering Methods: Simulink

16. CS-EE 481 Spring 2006 16Founder’s Day, 2006 University of Portland School of Engineering Methods: Simulink

17. CS-EE 481 Spring 2006 17Founder’s Day, 2006 University of Portland School of Engineering Methods: MPLAB

18. CS-EE 481 Spring 2006 18Founder’s Day, 2006 University of Portland School of Engineering Methods: PSPICE 120 Volts, 50% Duty cycle, 5kHz period, Full load

19. CS-EE 481 Spring 2006 19Founder’s Day, 2006 University of Portland School of Engineering Methods: PSPICE 120 Volts, 50% Duty cycle, 500Hz period, Full load

20. CS-EE 481 Spring 2006 20Founder’s Day, 2006 University of Portland School of Engineering Methods: Visio

21. CS-EE 481 Spring 2006 21Founder’s Day, 2006 University of Portland School of Engineering Results: three board architecture Power electronics Logic control Digital display gauge

22. CS-EE 481 Spring 2006 22Founder’s Day, 2006 University of Portland School of Engineering Results: power electronics Controls power flow Forward drive Regenerative braking

23. CS-EE 481 Spring 2006 23Founder’s Day, 2006 University of Portland School of Engineering Results: logic control The middle board Controls throttle, motor, regen, cooling, relay Designed to fail off (pull down resistors)

24. CS-EE 481 Spring 2006 24Founder’s Day, 2006 University of Portland School of Engineering Results: digital display Interfaces to logic control board and sensors Samples all sensors @ 60Hz. Performs math to calculate current Over current conditions

25. CS-EE 481 Spring 2006 25Founder’s Day, 2006 University of Portland School of Engineering Testing Results 35 MPH achieved Current draw of 50 amperes accelerating Digital display gauge is operational No over heating in electronics Kill switch works

26. CS-EE 481 Spring 2006 26Founder’s Day, 2006 University of Portland School of Engineering Areas of Improvement Current sensor Microcontroller selection Motor (ohmic loss) Batteries (old)

27. CS-EE 481 Spring 2006 27Founder’s Day, 2006 University of Portland School of Engineering Improvements: current sensor Measuring current Reason: math operations in microcontroller

28. CS-EE 481 Spring 2006 28Founder’s Day, 2006 University of Portland School of Engineering Improvements: microcontroller General purpose Additional performance Two microcontrollers –Digital display gauge –Motor controller

29. CS-EE 481 Spring 2006 29Founder’s Day, 2006 University of Portland School of Engineering Improvements: motor & batteries DC motor –Ohmic loss –Job done Lead acid batteries –Old –Internal resistance higher

30. CS-EE 481 Spring 2006 30Founder’s Day, 2006 University of Portland School of Engineering Conclusions Purpose built electronics is key to electric vehicles Electric motors can compete against gas engines Being cost competitive as possible Each person will have their reasons

31. CS-EE 481 Spring 2006 31Founder’s Day, 2006 University of Portland School of Engineering Demonstration Driving and regenerative braking Digital display gauges

32. CS-EE 481 Spring 2006 32Founder’s Day, 2006 University of Portland School of Engineering Completed Product (side)

33. CS-EE 481 Spring 2006 33Founder’s Day, 2006 University of Portland School of Engineering Completed Product (rear)