1. PowerPoint ® Lecture Slides prepared by Janice Meeking, Mount Royal College C H A P T E R Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 1 The Human Body: An Orientation

2. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Anatomy & Physiology Anatomy: The study of structure Physiology: The study of function Anatomy and physiology are inseparable. What a structure can do depends on its specific form

3. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Cardiovascular system Organelle Molecule Atoms Smooth muscle cell Smooth muscle tissue Connective tissue Blood vessel (organ) Heart Blood vessels Epithelial tissue Smooth muscle tissue Figure 1.1, step 6

4. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Organ Systems Activity DAY 1 Your baggie should include: Pink  Organ systems White  Organ system functions Purple  Organs/structures Work in groups of 4 to organize these cards into a table using your current knowledge about the human body Use chalk to write the column and row headings on your table When you are satisfied with your table, take a picture with your phone

5. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Organ Systems Activity Day 2 Return to your groups from yesterday and examine the pictures you took. Re-arrange your table to reflect any new information gained from last night’s reading assignment. Have Mrs. Ouellette check your table when you are finished before you take a new picture of your table.

6. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 1.2 Digestive system Respiratory system Food O2O2 CO 2 Cardiovascular system Interstitial fluid Nutrients Urinary system Integumentary system Blood Heart Feces Urine CO 2 O2O2

7. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Necessary Life Functions FunctionWhat is it?Example? Maintain boundaries Movement Responsiveness Digestion

8. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Necessary Life Functions FunctionWhat is it?Example? Metabolism Excretion Reproduction Growth

9. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Homeostasis Maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment Continuous monitoring/regulation Nervous and endocrine systems Impulses and hormones

10. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. (A) Negative or (B) Positive Feedback? After eating a meal, your blood glucose level increases. Islet cells in your pancreas detect the rise in blood sugar, and release insulin into the bloodstream. Insulin binds to receptors on cells throughout the body, allowing the cells to take up glucose from the blood.

11. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. (A) Negative or (B) Positive Feedback? An increase of carbon dioxide in the blood leads to a decrease in blood pH. The drop in blood pH is detected by chemoreceptors in the aorta and carotid artery. These receptors send nerve impulses to the respiratory center in the medulla oblongata in the brain, which then stimulates increased breathing. Increased breathing helps remove carbon dioxide from the blood, returning blood pH to normal levels.

12. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. (A) Negative or (B) Positive Feedback? As a follicle develops in the female ovary, it releases estradiol into the blood. Estradiol stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete luteinizing hormone (LH), which further stimulates the developing follicle and therefore the production of estradiol. This cycle continues until the follicle ruptures, releasing the egg into the fallopian tube.

13. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. (A) Negative or (B) Positive Feedback? A break or tear in a blood vessel wall triggers the aggregation and adhesion of platelets to the site. Platelets release chemical signals that recruit more platelets who follow the same pattern until the flow of blood is stopped by a newly formed clot.

14. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. (A) Negative or (B) Positive Feedback? When a mother nurses her child, the stimulation of the nerve endings of the nipple trigger neural pathways to the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus signals the pituitary gland to release oxytocin, stimulating milk letdown in mammary tissue of the breasts. The baby is provided with milk and continues to nurse, triggering more oxytocin and even greater milk letdown.

15. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. (A) Negative or (B) Positive Feedback? When you become dehydrated, and the osmolality of the blood increases (meaning your blood has more salt and less water), osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus cause the posterior pituitary to secrete anti-diuretic hormone (ADH). ADH acts on the kidney to increase the reabsorption of water, and put the water back into your bloodstream. This helps prevent the osmolality of the blood from increasing even further. If you drink lots of water, ADH production decreases, and the kidneys remove water from the blood, again maintaining the osmolality of the blood.

16. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Anatomical Position Body erect Feet slightly apart Palms facing forward

17. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Regional Terms

18. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Orientation& Directional Terms

19. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Orientation& Directional Terms

20. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Orientation& Directional Terms

21. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Orientation& Directional Terms

22. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Body Planes Flat surfaces along which body or structure is cut for anatomical study

23. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Body Planes

24. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. What type of body section?

25. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. What type of body section?

26. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. What type of body section?

27. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. What type of body section?

28. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. What type of body sections?

29. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. What type of body section?

30. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. What type of body section?

31. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. What type of body section?

32. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. What type of body section?

33. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. What type of body section?

34. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Body Cavities

35. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Body Cavities