1. Somatic Sensory Reflexes Neural Integration ANS
Nervous System: IV
Somatic Sensory
Reflexes
Neural Integration
ANS

2. Nervous System Design Sensory Receptors in PNS CNS Motor Effectors
Somatic: Tactile, Nocireceptors, Proprioceptors, Baroreceptors
Special: Photoreceptors, Mechanoreceptors, Chemoreceptors
CNS
Spinal Cord
Brainstem
Cerebellum
Thalamus
Cerebral Cortex
Motor Effectors
Somatic Motor
Autonomic Motor

3. Sensory Overview

4. CN: Special and Somatic Sensory

5. Somatic Sensory: Skin

6. Somatic Sensory: Proprioception

8. Dermatomes

9. Stretch Receptors

10. Golgi Tendon Organ

11. Intrafusal Fibers

13. Somatic Reflex Arc

14. Motor Response
Neuromuscular Junction

15. Motor End Plate

16. Patellar Reflex: Monosynaptic

17. Polysynaptic Reflexes

18. Somatic Reflex Tests

19. Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

20. PNS  CNS for somatic sensory

21. Spinal Cord Gray and White Matter

22. Spinal Cord Histology Areas

23. Spinal Tract Names

25. Organization of Spinal Cord Segment

26. Spinal Tract Locations

27. Ascending Tracts: Specific
Dorsal Column – Medial Lemniscus
Localized touch
Gradations of touch
Vibratory sensations
Proprioception
Pressure sensations
Fasciculus Cunneatus
Upper Limbs
Upper Trunk
Neck
Fasciculus Gracilis
Lower limbs
Inferior trunk

28. Ascending Tracts

29. Dorsal White Columns

30. Ascending Tracts: Nonspecific
Anterolateral System
Pain
Temperature
Crude touch
Crude pressure
Tickle / Itch
Sexual sensations
Spinothalamic tract
Lateral
Pain
Temperature
Anterior
Crude Touch
Crude Pressure

31. Spinothalamic Tracts

32. Localization of information: Spinal Nerve Input to Spinothalamic tract

33. Spinocerebellar Pathways
Posterior Cerebellar
Trunk, lower limb proprioceptors
Tendon stretch
Ascend on same side to inferior cerebellar peduncle
Anterior Cerebellar
Ascend and cross twice to anterior cerebellar peduncle

34. Spinocerebellar Tracts

35. Somatosensory Reflexes

36. Descending Motor Tracts
Indirect / Extrapyramidal
Tectospinal
Coordinate reflexes to visual and auditory stimulus
Vestibulospinal
Muscle tone to extensors
Posture and balance
Rubrospinal
Muscle tone to flexors
Reticulospinal (A, M, L)
Visceral motor tone
Visceral motor functions
Visceral reflexes
Direct / Pyramidal
Skeletal voluntary motor
Corticobulbar
CN motor
Corticospinal
Lateral
Cross in medulla
Anterior
Cross in spinal cord

37. Descending Motor Tract Locations

38. Ventral White Matter
Ventral White Axons leaving Gray Matter

39. Descending Motor Tract Functions

40. Corticospinal Tract Location

41. Corticospinal General Descending Pathway

42. Descending Somatic Pathway

44. Extra Pyramidal Tracts

46. Motor Tracts Compared

47. Basal Nuclei Adjust movement Rhythmic Cycles Communication Preparation
Coordinate
Rhythmic Cycles
Subconscious control
Alter motor commands
Communication In
Caudate
Putamen
Out
Globus Pallidus
Thalamus

48. Basal Nuclei Afferents
Caudate and Putamen

49. Basal Nuclei Efferents
Globus pallidus to Thalamus

50. Basal Nuclei Regulation Summary

51. Thalamic Nuclei: Ventrolateral Group

52. Thalamus: Ventral Group

53. Thalamus: Dorsolateral

54. Thalamus: Dorsomedial Group

55. Thalamus: Anterior Group

56. Thalamus: Pulvinar

57. Thalamus: Geniculates
Medial Geniculate
Lateral Geniculate

58. Problems

59. Spinal Nerve Rupture

61. Spinal Cord Tracts and related problems

62. Nervous System Organization: ANS

63. CNS and PNS for ANS

64. Somatic vs. Autonomic

65. Spinal Nerve Review

66. Pathways and Reflexes Compared for SNS and ANS

67. Lateral Gray Horn of Spinal Cord

68. ANS Divisions

69. Origins for Preganglionic ANS neurons

70. Postganglionic Neuron Pathways

71. Myelination vs Nonmyelination

72. ANS Motor

73. Preganglionic ANS neurons

74. Neuron Organization : Preganglionic Neurons, NT, and Receptors

75. Sympathetic NS

76. Lateral Gray Matter: ANS sensory and motor for Sympathetic Division

77. Sympathetic Chain

78. Sympathetic Chain Ganglia in cat

79. Sympathetic Chain Pathways

80. Thoracic Cord: Gray and White Ramus

81. Sympathetic Collateral Ganglia

82. Sympathetic Ganglion

83. Adrenal Medulla

84. Rami Communicans and Sympathetic Pathways

85. Ganglia Location

86. Parasympathetic NS

87. Parasympathetic Cranio-Sacral

88. Parasympathetic Ganglia

89. Parasympathetic Nerves
Cranio
CN III
CN VII
CN IX
CN X
Sacral
Splanchnic N.

90. CN X

91. CN X Motor pathways

92. CN X: Innervation

93. CN X: Sensory Inputs and Pathways

94. Synapse and Varicosities

95. ANS Neurotransmitters

96. ANS neurotransmitter receptors

97. Nicotinic Receptors Receptor Location Effect Nicotinic ganglionic
ANS ganglions
Excitatory ANS postganglionic neurons
Nicotinic Neuromuscular Junction
Neuromuscular Junction
Excitatory
Skeletal m.

98. Muscarinic Receptors Receptor Location Effect Muscarinic M1
Sympathetic Postganglionics
Ach Inhibit NE
Relaxation of vascular Sm M. M2
Heart, Eye, GI, UG, Respiratory
Inhibitory cAMP
K+ influx M3
Vascular: dilation
Exocrine Gland secretion
PIP  DAG, IP3

99. Catecholamine Receptors: Alpha
Location
Effects
Alpha 1
Constriction of Vascular SmM &
GI sphincters
Pupillary dilation
IP3/DAG  Ca++
Alpha 2
Inhibits post ganglionic
Gi  inhibit cAMP

100. Catecholamine Receptors: Beta
Location
Effects
Beta 1
excitatory
Heart, brain, kidney
Adenyl Cyclase  cAMP
Beta 2
Inhibits Vascular & Respiratory Sm M
Excites Islet B
Beta 3
Adipose
cAMP

101. Parasympathetic Pathway Review

102. Cholenergic Neurotransmitters

103. ACh formation and recycling

104. Sympathetic Pathway Review

105. Adrenergic Neurotransmitters

106. Adrenergic Synapse

107. NT hydrolysis from Tyrosine

108. Enzymes in Catecholamine Formation

109. Catecholamine Breakdown
Uptake I
Reuptake of NE into presynaptic neuron
Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) breakdown
Uptake II
Reuptake of NE into non-neuronal cells
Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT) breakdown
Glial cells
Smooth Muscle
Metabolites diffuse out
MAO completes breakdown

110. NE

111. MAO Blocker

112. Chemicals in ANS Neurotransmitters Hormones ACh NE ATP VIP Dopamine
Metenkephalin
Neuropeptide-Y
Hormones
Epinephrine
Prostaglandins

113. Visceral Reflex Arc

114. ANS Referred Pain reflexes

115. Lateral Spinothalamic Pathway: Pain

116. Ascending Spinal Cord Tracts for ANS

117. Thalamic VPL input from Spinothalamic

118. Sensory Homonculus

119. Referred Pain

120. ANS Controls

121. ANS pathways for Hypothalamic Control

123. Medulla Oblongata Controls

124. ANS tests

125. Generalized ANS effects

127. Dual Innvervation

128. Dual Innervation Example

129. Dual Innervation: Salivary Glands

130. ANS drugs

131. Clinical ANS Applications

132. Questions?