1. { PULSE Lecture 1 Introduction to Endocrinology

2. E E What the endocrine system is and its role in regulation of the human body (contrast endocrine system to exocrine system) in terms of temperature, blood sugar, calcium levels, etc.   Organs of the endocrine system: ie. Pituitary, pineal gland, thymus, parathyroid, adrenal, thyroid gland, testis or ovary E E That the endocrine system carries out regulation via hormones (they should know the types of hormonal signaling, ie. Autocrine, paracrine, intracrine, endocrine, exocrine) E E Different classes of hormones (there are a variety of protein based and lipid/steroid based hormones) and how they act on a cell if they are protein based vs. steroid based due to hydrophobic vs hydrophilic properties E E The concept of secondary messenger systems and amplification E E Negative feedback and positive feedback Learning Objectives

3. from the Greek hormao: “to excite, to arouse, to put in quick motion” Endocrinology Hormone from Greek ἔνδον, endo, "within"; κρῑνω, krīnō, "to sift or to separate" GreekἔνδονκρῑνωGreekἔνδονκρῑνω

4. Definition of an endocrine gland

5. The Endocrine System

7. Types of hormonal signaling

9. Classes of Hormones

10. Steroid vs. Non-Steroid Hormones and Their Mechanism of Action

11. Hydrophilic v. Hydrophobic

12. Steroid Hormones and Their Mechanism of Action

13. Non-steroid or Protein-based and Their Mechanism of Action

14. Feedback loops Endocrine Gland Target Organ Hormone Effect of Target Organ

15. Feedback loops Endocrine Gland Target Organ Hormone Effect of Target Organ Beta Cell of Pancreatic Islet High Glucose Insulin Skeletal Muscle: increase glucose uptake Decrease in blood glucose Decrease stimulus to insulin secretion

16. Feedback loops Endocrine Gland Target Organ Hormone Effect of Target Organ Parathyroid Gland Low Calcium PTH Bone: To Increase Calcium Mobilization Increase in Blood Calcium Decrease Stimulus to PTH Sectretion