1. Contemporary Engineering Economics, 6 th edition Park Copyright © 2016 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Replacement Analysis Fundamentals Lecture No. 46 Chapter 14 Contemporary Engineering Economics Copyright © 2016

2. Contemporary Engineering Economics, 6 th edition Park Copyright © 2016 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Chapter Opening Story A university medical center is considering replacing an old steam-driven chiller at $7.7 million.  At issue: o What basis do they make the replacement decisions? o How much savings in energy cost would justify the purchase of the new absorption chiller ?

3. Contemporary Engineering Economics, 6 th edition Park Copyright © 2016 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Replacement Terminology Defender: an old machine Challenger: a new machine Current market value: selling price of the defender in the market place Sunk cost: any past cost unaffected by any future decisions Trade-in allowance: value offered by the vendor to reduce the price of a new equipment

4. Contemporary Engineering Economics, 6 th edition Park Copyright © 2016 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Example 14.1: Sunk Cost associated with an Asset’s Disposal  Given: o Original investment = $20,000 o Current market value = $10,000 o Repair cost made in the past = $5,000  Find: (a) Sunk cost, (b) Relevant cost for replacement analysis

5. Contemporary Engineering Economics, 6 th edition Park Copyright © 2016 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Solution  Relevant Cost for Replacement Analysis: o Lost investment value, $10,000 o Repair cost made, $5,000 o Total sunk cost = $15,000 o Current market value = $10,000

6. Contemporary Engineering Economics, 6 th edition Park Copyright © 2016 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Opportunity Cost Approach Basic Principle : Treat the proceeds from sale of the old machine as the investment required to keep the old machine. Compute the AEC for each alternative and select the one with the minimum AEC.

7. Contemporary Engineering Economics, 6 th edition Park Copyright © 2016 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Example 14.2: Opportunity Cost Approach  Given : o Defender Market price: $10,000 Remaining useful life: 3 years Salvage value: $2,500 O&M cost: $8,000 o Challenger Cost: $15,000 Useful life: 3 years Salvage value: $5,500 O&M cost: $6,000  Find: Replace the defender now?

8. Contemporary Engineering Economics, 6 th edition Park Copyright © 2016 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Solution: Replace the Defender

9. Contemporary Engineering Economics, 6 th edition Park Copyright © 2016 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Economic Service Life Definition: Economic service life is the remaining useful life of an asset that results in the minimum annual equivalent cost. Annual Equivalent Cost (AEC) AEC = Capital Cost + Operating Cost

10. Contemporary Engineering Economics, 6 th edition Park Copyright © 2016 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Mathematical Relationship Capital Cost Operating Cost Total Cost Objective: Find n* that minimizes AEC(i) n*n*

11. Contemporary Engineering Economics, 6 th edition Park Copyright © 2016 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Example 14.3: Economic Service Life for a Lift Truck  Given : o I = $18,000 o i = 12% o Salvage value = −20% over the previous year o O&M = $3,000 during the first year, and 15% increase over the previous year thereafter  Find : Economic Service Life

12. Contemporary Engineering Economics, 6 th edition Park Copyright © 2016 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Cash flows if you kept n = 1 or n = 2 n = 1: n = 2: $18,000 $11,400 $3,000 0 1 $18,000 $3,000 $11,520 $3,450 0 1 2

13. Contemporary Engineering Economics, 6 th edition Park Copyright © 2016 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved AEC Calculation If You Kept the Truck for 2 Years  Ownership Cost  Operating Cost  Annual Equivalent Cost

14. Contemporary Engineering Economics, 6 th edition Park Copyright © 2016 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Conversion of an Infinite Number of Replacement Cycles to Infinite AEC Streams

15. Contemporary Engineering Economics, 6 th edition Park Copyright © 2016 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Economic Service Life Calculation Using Excel  Economic Service Life = 6 Years with AEC(12%) = $7,977  What It Really Means  You purchase a brand new lift truck for every 6 years, assuming that the future replacement cost as well as operating costs remain constant. Then the equivalent annual cost of owning and operating the truck is $7,977.

16. Contemporary Engineering Economics, 6 th edition Park Copyright © 2016 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved o For an asset with non-increasing operating cost, keep the asset as long as it lasts. o If everything remains the same, a higher interest rate will tend to extend the economic service life (or defer the replacement decision). Sensitivity of Economic Service Life