1. 魏炽炬 Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition

2. Origin of Epithelium and Mesenchyme There are two major types of cell arrangements in the embryo: epithelial cells, which are tightly connected to one another in sheets or tubes, and mesenchymal cells, which are unconnected to one other and operate as independent units.

3. Origin of Epithelium and Mesenchyme Epithelia are sheets or tubes of connected cells; they can originate from any germ layer. Meschymal cells are loosely packed unconnected cells; mesenchyme contains collagen bundles and fibroblasts; they are derived from the mesoderm or neural crest.

4. In the Adult Epithelium is a tissue composed of cells that line the cavities and surfaces of structures throughout the body. Epithelium is classified as a primary body tissue, the other ones being connective tissue, muscle tissue and nervous tissue.

5. In the Adult Mesenchyme later differentiates into blood vessels, blood-related organs, and connective tissues. All organs consist of an epithelium and an associated mesenchyme.

6. Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition Hartmut Beug Actin/ DAPI E-cadherin Vimentin Desmosomes Vimentin Epithelial Mesenchymal

7. Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition Jean Paul Thiery

8. EMT in Tissue Remodelling Jean Paul Thiery

9. The generation of three germ layers

12. 下胚层

13. The migration of neural crest

16. Somitogenesis

20. The generation of glomerulus

22. EMT During Tumor Progression Hartmut Beug

23. Paper One Epithelial-to Mesenchymal Transition Generates Proliferative Human Islet Precursor Cells Marvin Gershengorn, Anandwardhan Hardikar, Chiju Wei, Elizabeth Geras-Raaka, Bernice Marcus- Samuels, Bruce M. Raaka SCIENCE VOL 306, 2004

24. Embryonic Stem Cell Bone Marrow Stem Cell Transdifferentiation Pancreatic stem cell Cadaveric human islets Potential Sources of Islet Precursor Cells

25. hIPC Generation and ICA Formation ABC 1 hr 24 hr 6 day D EF

26. Transition From Insulin+ to Vimentin+ Cells

27. Redifferentiation From Vimentin+ to Insulin+ Cells

28. Islet Precursors Generated by EMT Marvin Gershengorn

29. EMT in Progenitor Cells of The Developing Endocrine Pancreas Joel F. HabenerEpithelium Basel membrane ECM Acinar cell   Islet

30. Paper Two Islet-Derived Fibroblast-Like Cells Are Not Derived via Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition From Pdx-1 or Insulin- Positive Cells Lucas G. Chase, Fernando Ulloa-Montoya, Benjamin L. Kidder, and Catherine M. Verfaillie Diabetes 56:3–7, 2007

31. Lineage Tracing on Proliferative Fibroblast-like Cell Populations

32. Fibroblast-like Cells Are Not Generated From Insulin+/PDX1+ Cells

33. About 25% of All Insulin-Expressing Cells Coexpressed EGFP Nadya L. Lumelsky

34. Paper Three In Vitro Proliferation of Cells Derived From Adult Human  -Cells Revealed By Cell- Lineage Tracing Holger A. Russ, Yael Bar, Philippe Ravassard, and Shimon Efrat Diabetes 57, 2008

35. In Vitro Lineage Tracing of Islet Beta Cells

36. Labeling of human islet cells with the two-virus system