1. Africa and the Slave Trade Chapter 20

2. Impact of Slave Trade in Africa Diaspora - any group that has been dispersed outside its traditional homeland, especially involuntarily, Diaspora - any group that has been dispersed outside its traditional homeland, especially involuntarily, homeland Demographic changes Demographic changes Depopulation due to volume of tradeDepopulation due to volume of trade Able to recover due to “New World” crops Able to recover due to “New World” crops Involvement in Global economy Involvement in Global economy State-building in Africa State-building in Africa Increased violence (guns) Increased violence (guns)

3. History of Slavery in Africa Common in ancient world Common in ancient world Practiced in Africa & Muslim world Practiced in Africa & Muslim world Enslavement of neighboring peoplesEnslavement of neighboring peoples Slaves form of property & wealthSlaves form of property & wealth Trans-Saharan trade Trans-Saharan trade Slaves into Islamic territoriesSlaves into Islamic territories Increased dramatically with Atlantic Slave Trade Increased dramatically with Atlantic Slave Trade

4. History of Slavery Changes in slavery Changes in slavery Women and children were most commonly enslaved in the Trans- Saharan tradeWomen and children were most commonly enslaved in the Trans- Saharan trade WHY??? WHY??? Atlantic Slave trade preferred menAtlantic Slave trade preferred men WHY??? WHY??? IMPACT??? IMPACT??? Dramatic increase in volumeDramatic increase in volume WHY??? WHY???

5. Introduction to the Slave Trade European trading posts along W. coast European trading posts along W. coast Forced to cooperate with African rulersForced to cooperate with African rulers WHY??? WHY??? Commercial goals combined with military and missionary efforts Commercial goals combined with military and missionary efforts Congo converted to ChristianityCongo converted to Christianity Slaves became pop. trading item in Atlantic world Slaves became pop. trading item in Atlantic world First to Europe in small numbers, then to Americas in large numbersFirst to Europe in small numbers, then to Americas in large numbers

6. Organization: Atlantic Slave Trade Eu. Forms rel. with African rulers Eu. Forms rel. with African rulers Exchange manufactured goods and guns for slavesExchange manufactured goods and guns for slaves Slaves sold on west coast were usually POW’s Slaves sold on west coast were usually POW’s Captives sold to Europeans in coastal markets Captives sold to Europeans in coastal markets Europeans get very wealthyEuropeans get very wealthy Up to 300% profit in some cases Up to 300% profit in some cases Still risky due to high mortalityStill risky due to high mortality African rulers use guns to expand their bordersAfrican rulers use guns to expand their borders capture more slaves capture more slaves

7. African Kingdoms Large states emerged and prospered near the west coast as a result of the Atlantic slave trade Large states emerged and prospered near the west coast as a result of the Atlantic slave trade States competed with each other for control of the tradeStates competed with each other for control of the trade Major states involved Major states involved BeninBenin Ashanti (Asante)Ashanti (Asante) DahomeyDahomey

8. Benin Involved in slave trade, but did not allow it to dominate the economy Involved in slave trade, but did not allow it to dominate the economy Also traded textiles, pepper, ivoryAlso traded textiles, pepper, ivory Existed as powerful state before European influence Existed as powerful state before European influence At height of power when Europeans arrivedAt height of power when Europeans arrived Had well developed culture before European arrivalHad well developed culture before European arrival

9. Ashanti (Asante) Located on Gold Coast Located on Gold Coast Originally 20 small states, united around 1650Originally 20 small states, united around 1650 Osei Tutu claimed title of asanteheneOsei Tutu claimed title of asantehene Supreme ruler (pol. and rel.)Supreme ruler (pol. and rel.) Advised by council members from the various tribal groupsAdvised by council members from the various tribal groups Took advantage of guns and used them to expand bordersTook advantage of guns and used them to expand borders Remained powerful until 1820’sRemained powerful until 1820’s Controlled gold and slave trade for many years Controlled gold and slave trade for many years Slaves large part of economy= 2/3 of tradeSlaves large part of economy= 2/3 of trade

10. Dahomey More dependent upon slave trade More dependent upon slave trade Development of the state Development of the state Centered about 70 miles from coast, building power since 17 th centuryCentered about 70 miles from coast, building power since 17 th century Involvement in slave trade: Involvement in slave trade: 1720’s: use of guns to create autocratic state built upon slave trade1720’s: use of guns to create autocratic state built upon slave trade Imposed their own culture on the people they conquered Imposed their own culture on the people they conquered Royal court controlled slave trade and used military to raid neighbors for captivesRoyal court controlled slave trade and used military to raid neighbors for captives

11. African Culture Europeans were often impressed with the culture of the African states Europeans were often impressed with the culture of the African states Creative and artisticCreative and artistic Europeans would often commission African artEuropeans would often commission African art Types of art: Types of art: Weaving and basketry, metal working, elaborate sculptures and carvings in wood and ivoryWeaving and basketry, metal working, elaborate sculptures and carvings in wood and ivory Bodily adornmentBodily adornment

12. East Africa and the Sudan Swahili Coast Swahili Coast Dominated by Ottoman EmpireDominated by Ottoman Empire Some European influenceSome European influence Will increase over time Will increase over time Slave trading centers for slaves to Muslim worldSlave trading centers for slaves to Muslim world Islam’s spread into the interior of Africa turned violent in the 18 th century Islam’s spread into the interior of Africa turned violent in the 18 th century Reform efforts aimed at eliminating pagan practices and encouraging IslamReform efforts aimed at eliminating pagan practices and encouraging Islam

13. South Africa Less affected by slave trade Less affected by slave trade Lack of large states= less war and fewer captives to be sold into slaveryLack of large states= less war and fewer captives to be sold into slavery Some kidnapped Some kidnapped Europeans began to create colonies in Southern Africa Europeans began to create colonies in Southern Africa Led to conflict over landLed to conflict over land Slowly begin to take governmental controlSlowly begin to take governmental control

14. The Abolition of Slavery Slavery was major part of the world economy for several centuries Slavery was major part of the world economy for several centuries In the modern period, opposition to slavery will rise In the modern period, opposition to slavery will rise Social changes in Europe and AmericasSocial changes in Europe and Americas Gradually, more and more nations abolished slavery Gradually, more and more nations abolished slavery 1888 Brazil last American nation to end slavery1888 Brazil last American nation to end slavery Globally, slavery continues for another century before being officially abolished Globally, slavery continues for another century before being officially abolished