1. Semiotics in Beijing Opera Face Painting Christine Lu University of Toronto at Mississauga 中國傳統宗教與國劇藝術

2. Introduction Beijing Opera Facial painting and the role A reflection of the major traditional philosophies Taoism Confucianism Buddhism

5. Taoism Lao Zi and Dao De Jing Nature Yin Yang The concept of five elements Metal, wood, water, fire and earth Blood circulation and Chi

6. Confucianism Kung Fu Tzu (Confucius) 551 BCE Four Books and Five Classics Ethical Teachings

7. Buddhism Siddhartha (Buddha) 563 BCE Four Noble Truths Eightfold Path Five Precepts The Three Jewels Transmigration of the Soul Western Paradise

8. Beijing Opera Performance History Shang Dynasty B.C. 1766 Folk activity Tang Dynasty A.D. 705 Strict Format

9. Signification of Faces Color Facial Shape Eyebrow Eyes Forehead Nose Mouth

15. Semiotics of Chinese Theater You-Zheng Li “Epistemological Problems of the Comparative Humanities” David Birch “Re-orienting semiotics: performance, philosophy and theory” Semiotics of Coherence and Harmony

16. What this means A mixed influence of Chinese traditional philosophies Philosophies reflected on faces, and not only faces A highly aesthetic performance of Harmony