2. Changes at the Turn of the Century How does technology & education change America?

3. Technology in the City Louis Sullivan designs the skyscraper: tall, narrow building w/ elevators & internal steel skeletons Transportation: electrified streetcars, trains & subways, steel cabled bridges Urban planning allows for open space in cities However, more people in taller planning runs higher risks (fire)

4. Pop Culture - Entertainment Eight hour workday gives people more free time 1883: first Ferris wheel (Chicago Expo) & first rollercoaster (Coney Island, NY) Bicycling, tennis, spectator sports (boxing & baseball) popular Vaudeville & Ragtime are popular shows & music Wright Brothers Airplane will start aviation & travel industry

5. Pulitzer & Hearst begin daily newspapers 1890: First department store & chain store (FW Woolworth) George Eastman introduces roll film & the Kodak camera Spread of Pop Culture Mailed catalogs allow purchases w/o leaving house

6. Expanding Public Education Mandatory schooling for children age 8-14 1900: US sees the growth of High Schools: with expanded curriculum expanded include science, civics, and social studies HS also offer vocational courses for males: drafting, carpentry, mechanics, clerical courses for females: typing, short hand, filing Literacy increases from 80%in 1870 to 95% by 1920

7. An Unequal Education Racial Discrimination: Most African Americans excluded from public secondary education (HS), attend “black schools” for K-8 Immigrants encouraged to go to school to quickly become “Americanized”, adults go to night school to learn English -Expanding Higher Education – more colleges admit students -African-Americans must attend own universities. Birth of the “Black College” (Howard, Grambling) but only 3% of blacks attend