1. Swedish Energy Policy

2. Relative Energy Supply 1800-2000 coal hydro wood oil nuclear new RES

3. Current Energy Supply

4. Energy policy goals Security of supply, competitiveness, sustainability (Shared IEA goals) Energy efficiency (20% until 2020, 50% in building sector 2050) New renewable electricity, 17 TWh 2016 (~13 % of electricity supply), Siting for wind power 10 TWh by 2015 Reduce/break oil dependency by 2020

5. EU goals Energy efficiency 20% by 2020 Renewable energy 20% by 2020 Greenhouse gas emissions -20% by 2020 alt. -30%. Single european market

6. Target: efficient energy markets Electricity market is already fully competitive Common Nordic Electricity Market (Small) Natural gas market has been fully opened in 2007 Increased transparency in the District heating markets needed

7. Policies and measures - examples Economic instruments –Taxation, notably Carbon tax –Electricity Certificates –Emissions trading –Program for improving energy efficiency in energy intensive industry (PFE) Research, development, demonstration, dissemination Information International cooperation

8. Financial Policy Measures in Sweden Energy PolicyClimate Policy Business Policy IndustryHousingTransportPower HeatService Emission Trade Electricity Certificate Energy Taxes CO2 TaxationPFE EU-directives, internationalization, development in other countries

9. More recent developments Emission trading system Programme for energy efficiency in industrial sector Responsibility for whole RTD budget Additional focus on market introduction, innovation and commercialization Initiatives for a new Climate Policy

10. Commitments on Climate Issues National Climate Commission, gives policy recommendations to the Government on new Climate Bill in 2008 Scientific Council provides scientific assessments as second input to the Climate Bill Climate investment program (SEK 1 billion) –sustainable cities, –energy efficiency measures, –pilot and demonstration projects for biofuels, –network for windfarming –climate research –international investments

11. Programme for Energy Intense Industry - PFE Industry gets tax exemption on electricity In return, the companies have to improve their energy efficiency 126 companies participate, using in total 30 TWH electricity per year (2004).

12. Swedish Energy Research Focus areas Buildings as energy systems Energy intensive industry Transport sector Electricity generation and distribution Bioenergy including CHP (Combined Heat & Power) Energy system studies

13. The Major Issues Increased competition for energy resources Climate impact from energy sector Internationalisation of energy policy Properly functioning energy markets Various political targets; complex set of incentives

14. The Road to Future Challenges: Electricity supply for energy intensive industry Sustainable mobility Low energy municipal sector Critical factors: Utilise research results Ambitious and realistic programmes for –Energy efficiency –Renewable energy Long time perspective Holistic perspective Co-operation

15. Three strategic development plants Ethanol from cellulose Synthesis gas from biomass Synthesis gas from black liquor