1. Warm-up How do plankton differ from nekton?
a. Plankton are floaters c. Plankton are carnivores.
b. Plankton are strong swimmers d. Plankton live on the ocean bottom.
The ___________ is the ocean zone is characterized by high water pressure, low temperatures, and no sunlight.
a. pelagic zone c. abyssal zone
b. intertidal zone d. neritic zone
Which animal(s) would have the greatest chance of survival?
a. one that fed through a food web
b. one that fed through a food chain
c. one that ate a wide variety of prey
d. both a and c (food web & variety of prey)

2. Classifying Marine Organisms:
Where live & How move.
Plankton
Nekton
Benthos ?

3. What does this picture show us?

4. Density…What is it? Density = Mass ÷ Volume ↑ Salinity = ↑ Density
How heavy for size…
↑ Salinity = ↑ Density
↑ Tempo = ↓ Density

5. Ocean Layers Layered by density. Transition Zone Surface Zone
Thermocline
Pycnocline
Deep Zone
No sunlight
Cold & Dense
Layered by density.
Surface Zone
Shallow
Mixed (waves & wind)

6. Rapid Increase in Density with Depth.
THERMOCLINE PYCNOCLINE:
Rapid Increase in Density with Depth.

7. “Salinity.” “Salinus” = salt
Salinity = amount of salt dissolved in water
Parts per 1000 = ‰
Most of the salt in seawater = common table salt.

8. Sources of Salts Weathering  ROSION EPOSITION Earth’s interior!
 D_________
Earth’s interior!
Volcanic eruptions
ROSION
EPOSITION

9. REVIEW:
If we poured a cup of salt into our aquarium what would happen to the salinity of the water?
What is the difference between a Thermocline and a Pycnocline?
Where is the densest layer of the ocean located? What is it called?
The salinity (amount of salt in water) would INCREASE
Thermocline = layer with great change in tempo
Pycnocline = layer with great change in density
On the bottom, “The Deep Zone”

10. 4 Main Oceans “People Are Intelligent Always” Pacific Atlantic Indian
Arctic
“People Are Intelligent Always”

12. Continental Margin
Edge between continent & Ocean
Continental Slope
Steep Slope!
Submarine canyons!
Continental Rise
Medium steep
Connects to ocean basin floor.
Continental Shelf
Gentle Slope away from shore
Lots of resources!

13. Submarine Canyons Continental Slope! Turbidity Currents
Water + sand = heavy
Movement  Erosion  Canyons

14. Q: What processes create sediment in the Ocean?
Turbidity Currents!
Q: How else might sediment get into the Ocean?
Weathering!
Volcanic Eruptions!

15. Marine Productivity! Producer  makes stuff Consumer  uses stuff
Photosynthesis
Consumer  uses stuff
Chemical energy is transferred by feeding.
Feeding = Inefficient! 

16. Food Web
Food Chain

17. How do we know?! Sonar Satellites Submersibles Sea level changes
Underwater boat

18. REVIEW How do we know about the ocean floor?
What are the 4 main oceans?
How much of Earth is covered by water?
What does Bathymetry mean?
How do we know about the ocean floor?
Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic
71%
Measuring ocean depths
Boats, Sonar, Satellites, Submersibles

19. Any useful sediment deposits?...
Energy Resources:
Oil
Natural Gas
Gas Hydrates
Water + Natural Gas!
Most useful!

20. Other Ocean Resources…
Sand & Gravel
2nd Most Important Economic Industry

21. STUDY GUIDE Review Contest!
Research Phase (10pts)
Break into assigned teams
30 min to work together to EACH complete the study guide.
Write answers in complete sentences.
Everyone must have a copy.
Competition Phase…

22. Competition Phase NO TIES FOR 1st or 2nd!
Write your team number and all your names on a sheet of paper for keeping score.
Whiteboards.
Choose a writer.
Write answers clearly, completely
Work quietly…because…
1st = 4 extra credit points on test!
2nd = 3 pts
3rd = 2 pts
NO TIES FOR 1st or 2nd!