1. England and France Develop
England absorbs Waves of Invaders
Early invasions from the Vikings
Alfred the Great united Anglos into England
Danish king, Edward, united Anglo-Saxons and Vikings
William the Conqueror, duke of Normandy
Williams rival, Harold Godwinson, Anglo Saxon throne
Battle of Hastings
William took control of England, established foundation of centralized government

2. England's Evolving Government
Hold and add French lands
Strengthen noble powers on the church
Henry II married Eleanor of Aquitaine and so acquired a large French territory

3. Juries and Common Law The Magna Carta Henry ruled from 1154 to 1189
Introduced juries into English courts
Common law
The Magna Carta
Richard the Lion Hearted
John Softsword, poor military leader
Lost lands to Phillip Augustus of France
Cruel to his people, alienated church, raised taxes
Nobles revolted and forced him to sign the Magna Carta
Basic legal rights

4. The Model Parliament Edward established parliament
Knights, burgesses, bishops, and lords met at Westminster in London
Knights and burgesses formed the House of Commons and the nobles and bishops formed the House of Lords

5. Capetian Dynasty Rules France
Hugh Capet began the Dynasty
Location of France was key
Philip II (Philip Augustus) powerful Capetian
Wanted to weaken power of English kings
Failed against Henry II and Richard the Lion Hearted but seized Normandy from King John
Stronger centralized government

6. Beginnings of Democracy
Phillips Heirs
Louis IX ruled from 1226 to 1270
Louis was very pious and saintly
Established appeal courts
Philip IV ruled from 1285 to 1314 quarrel with pope regarding taxes for priests; included commoners in meetings
Church leaders-1st Estate; Great Lords 2nd Estate; commoners/wealthy landowners/merchants 3rd Estate
Estates General
Beginnings of Democracy
Common law, court systems, including commoners