1. Clean Energy Solutions Milton L. Charlton Chief for Environment, Science, Technology and Health Affairs U.S. Embassy Seoul

2. Global Energy Challenges Rapid growth in demand Air pollution Energy security Climate change

3. Rapid Growth in Demand 50 – 60% increase by 2030 Coal demand is rising fastest Source: International Energy Agency

4. Air Pollution Coal, oil and other fossil fuels produce pollutants and particulates

5. Energy Security Few suppliers to international markets Threats include supply disruptions and price instability

6. Climate Change IPCC report Human causes of global warming especially from burning fossil fuels

7. Climate Change IPCC forecastsignificant social disruption caused by rising global temperatures IPCC forecasts significant social disruption caused by rising global temperatures

8. Needed: Clean Alternatives to Fossil Fuels Research is showing us positive paths forward

9. Clean Energy Solutions: Transportation Sector Ethanol Hybrids Hydrogen Fuel Cells

10. Ethanol New research shows environmental benefits

11. Cellulosic Ethanol Feedstocks can be switchgrass, wood waste

12. Cellulosic Ethanol Source: Renewable Fuels Association

13. Hybrids

14. Plug-in Hybrids Promise 60 KM per charge – range of most commutes

15. Hydrogen Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles Produces only water and heat, not GHG

16. Clean Energy Solutions: Power Generation Clean Coal Carbon Capture and Sequestration Nuclear Energy Renewables

17. Clean Coal Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle – removes pollutants and some GHG

18. Carbon Capture and Sequestration Source: Energy Information Administration

19. Nuclear Energy Near Zero Emissions

20. Renewable Energy Cost Trends Levelized cents/kWh in constant $2000 1 Wind 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 PV COE cents/kWh 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 40 30 20 10 0 100 80 60 40 20 0 Biomass Geothermal Solar thermal 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 COE cents/kWh 10 8 6 4 2 0 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 15 12 9 6 3 0 Source: NREL Energy Analysis Office (www.nrel.gov/analysis/docs/cost_curves_2002.ppt) 1 These graphs are reflections of historical cost trends NOT precise annual historical data. Updated: October 2002

21. U.S. Support for Clean Energy Solutions More than $12 billion since 2001

22. “Twenty in Ten” Cutting U.S. Gasoline Consumption 20% by 2017

23. U.S. Industry Cooperation Big automakers promise 50% of products will be flex-fuel-ready by 2012

24. FutureGen Near-Zero-Emissions Coal Plants

25. International Partnerships --Asia-Pacific Partnership on Clean Development and Climate --International Partnership for a Hydrogen Economy --Methane to Markets --Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum --Generation IV Nuclear Forum --International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER)

26. The Future is Almost Here Experts believe that Cellulosic ethanol can be commercialized within 5 to 10 years Automakers expect to sell plug-in hybrids by 2012

27. A Strong Sense of Mission  “I would hope that Congress would move expeditiously on our plan to reduce gasoline usage by 20 percent over the next 10 years. It’s in our national security interest that we do this, it’s in our economic security interest, and it will help us be better stewards of the environment.”  President George W. Bush, March 26, 2007