1. Transcription Catalyst How are genes and chromosomes related?
What are the three parts of a nucleotide(DNA)?
Write the complementary base sequence to this DNA sequence: TTCGAGCTA
Write in complete sentences!
Don’t talk during the Catalyst!

2. Agenda Catalyst Candy DNA Science as Inquiry RNA The Central Dogma
Practice
Exit Question

3. Catalyst Review How are genes and chromosomes related?
Genes are sections of chromosomes that determine certain traits.
What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
Sugar
Phosphate
Nitrogenous base
With the second question remind them of the DEFINTION of DNA: DNA stores information

4. AAGCTCGAT Catalyst Review
Write the complementary base sequence to this DNA sequence: TTCGAGCTA
AAGCTCGAT

5. Test Prep Review
1) The types of proteins produced in a cell are regulated by the
1 order of nucleotides in DNA molecules
2 shape of DNA molecules
3 size of nucleotides in DNA molecules
4 location of DNA molecules

6. Test Prep Review
16 In DNA, which of the following determines the traits of an organism?
F Amount of adenine
G Number of sugars
H Sequence of nitrogen bases
J Strength of hydrogen bonds

7. Test Prep Review
19 All of the following are found in a DNA molecule except —
A carbon dioxide
B deoxyribose
C nitrogen
D phosphate

8. Test Prep Review
21 In all plant and animal cells, the nucleus contains long molecules of DNA. Which of the following best describes the function of DNA?
F DNA provides the shape and structure of the nucleus.
G DNA packages materials for transport through the nucleus.
H DNA carries materials into and out of the nucleus.
J DNA contains the blueprint for producing the whole organism.

9. By the end of today, SWBAT… State the central dogma of biology
Objectives
By the end of today, SWBAT…
State the central dogma of biology
Compare and contrast the structures and functions of DNA and RNA

10. Science as Inquiry (7 minutes)
The instructions you need for making a table are at the store, and you’re at home. What do you do?
The instructions the cell needs for making protein (DNA) is in the nucleus, and proteins are made in the ribosome. What does the cell do?

11. RNA
Key Point #1
mRNA copies genetic information from DNA, and carries it to the ribosomes.
DNA STORES the information, but cannot leave the nucleus.
So mRNA copies the information and CARRIES it out of the nucleus. (mRNA = messenger RNA)
This is called TRANSCRIPTION.

12. RNA loves U Base Pairing
Same rules EXCEPT THERE IS TO NO T. A pairs with U on RNA.

13. Science as Inquiry (5 minutes)
RNA is similar to DNA, but not the same. Flip over your “Figuring Out Transcription” sheet and look on the back side.
Find as many differences between the pictures as you can.

14. Structure of RNA Key Point #2 RNA is single- stranded.
There are three important structural differences between DNA and RNA.
RNA is single- stranded.
RNA’s sugar is ribose, not deoxyribose like DNA.
In RNA, Uracil (U) pairs with (A).
Ask students to share their observations. Write them on the board in the white space.
RNA is single-stranded; DNA is double-stranded.
The sugar in RNA is ribose; in DNA it is deoxyribose.
In RNA, Uracil matches with Adenine (AT, UA)

15. RNA loves U Base Pairing
Yes they already saw this slide. The first time was in the context of understanding what transcription is. This second time, emphasize the differences between DNA and RNA. (Single vs double stranded, ribose vs deoxyribose, ATGC vs ATUC)

16. Putting It All Together
The central dogma of biology = information in DNA is copied into RNA, which is used to make proteins that determine all traits.
The central dogma of biology is one of the two most important beliefs in biology.
It explains how DNA tells your cells how to do… everything.
Obviously you’ll have to explain dogma. You may want to give examples of other “dogmas” in other fields such as math, religion, etc.
(The other one of the two most important beliefs, IMO, is evolution, which explains how everything works at an intergenerational level.)

17. DNA RNA Protein Central Dogma Transcription Translation
TODAY WE TALK ABOUT THE FIRST HALF OF THE CENTRAL DOGMA.
Protein

18. TAGCCAG ATCGGTC AUCGGUC Guided Practice 1
One strand of DNA has the nitrogenous bases of
TAGCCAG
What is the complimentary strand of DNA?
ATCGGTC
What is the complimentary strand of RNA?
AUCGGUC
You can do this on whiteboards or on paper, etc.

19. CCCATATTA GGGTATAAT GGGUAUAAU Guided Practice 2
One strand of DNA has the nitrogenous bases of
CCCATATTA
What is the complimentary strand of DNA?
GGGTATAAT
What is the complimentary strand of mRNA?
GGGUAUAAU
You can do this on whiteboards or on paper, etc.

20. DNA RNA PROTEIN Guided Practice 3
What is the central Dogma of Biology?
DNA’s information is copied into RNA. RNA’s info can then be used to make proteins.
DNA
transcription
RNA
translation
PROTEIN

21. Guided Practice 4 DNA RNA
Number of strands? Made of nucleotides? Bases used? Has a phos-sug backbone? Places found in cell? Participates in transcription/translation? Kind of sugar?
Guided Practice 4
Fill in this Venn Diagram using as many terms as you know.
DNA RNA
Stores genetic information
Carries genetic information
Remind them how to make a Venn Diagram (putting contrasting pairs together) first, then give them two or three minutes where you help low achievers. Then, reveal the topics at the top to give them more help. Or skip to the reveal if that what works for your class.

22. Now Time for Independent Practice
Expectations
Work QUIETLY for the remainder of the class period.

23. Exit Questions What is transcription?
Describe TWO DIFFERENCES between DNA and RNA.
Describe ONE SIMILARITY between DNA and RNA.
Write in complete sentences!
Don’t talk during the Exit Question!