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Published byHannah Garrison Modified over 9 years ago
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200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 100 Transcription 1 Transcription 2 Translation 1 Translation 2 Mutations
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Where does transcription take place? (name part of eukaryotic cell) What are copied from DNA during transcription?
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In the nucleus! Produces RNA (mRNA, tRNA, rRNA) Transcription #1 100
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What are the sites on Prokaryotes called that regulate gene expression during transcription? Why is gene regulation important in Eukaryotes?
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Regulatory Sites Without these gene expression could not be controlled (turn on or off) in Prokaryotes Regulatory Sites Transcription #1 200 Gene regulation in Eukaryotes allows for cell specialization
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What is the function of the promoter?
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Binding site of the RNA Polymerase to begin making mRNA Transcription #1 300
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An ______________is a group of genes that work together to regulate transcription in prokaryotes
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Operon Transcription #1 400
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How does the lac repressor turn off the lac genes in the lac operon?
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By binding to the operator and blocking transcription by RNA Polymerase Transcription #1 500
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Transcribe this DNA strand into mRNA… T A C A C G C A G T C A (DNA) mRNA
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T A C A C G C A G A T T (DNA) A U G U G C G U C U A A (mRNA) Each codon has 3 nucleotides each Transcription #2 100
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What is the entire process of transcription and translation called?
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Protein Synthesis Transcription #2 200
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When an mRNA is being transcribed, what is edited out and what is kept in?
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Introns Out! “junk” Exons In! Transcription #2 300
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What is this object leaving the nucleus after transcription?
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Transcription #2 400 mRNA
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What is the part of a Eukaryote’s DNA that signals where the RNA polymerase is to begin transcribing? Hint:
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Transcription #2 500 The TATA Box is the promoter region in eukaryotes for transcription.
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Where does the mRNA go for translation to occur?
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Out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm to the ribosome Translation #1 100 Cytoplasm
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Once the mRNA is in the cytoplasm, what RNA recognizes and wraps around the mRNA?
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rRNA (ribosomal RNA) Translation #1 200
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Where does the ribosome (rRNA) begin reading the mRNA? What amino acid does this code for?
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Begins at the “Start” codon AUG (Remember: It’s the month we start school) AUG codes for Methionine (Met) Translation #1 300
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What happens to the amino acids that are brought to the ribosome by the tRNA’s during translation? Amino Acid
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Translation #1 400 The amino acid joins the growing polypeptide chain (protein). The tRNA then leaves to find another amino acid. Amino Acid
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When do tRNA’s stop bringing amino acids to the ribosome during translation?
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Translation #1 500 When a STOP codon is reached on the mRNA strand. Translation #1 500 Stop codon Polypeptide chain released into cytoplasm and the ribosome falls off of the mRNA which is disposed of by the cell.
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Translate this mRNA A U G U G C G U C U A A
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mRNA A U G U G C G U C U A A Amino Acids MetCysValStop This is TRANSLATION!!! Translation #2 100
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What does this wheel show? What process is taking place when you use this wheel?
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Translation #2 200 Shows the GENETIC CODE The process is TRANSLATION
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How many codons specify for the amino acid Threonine? What are they? What is the max possible number of codons for a single amino acid?
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Translation #2 300 Threonine ACG ACA ACC ACU 6 is the maximum number or codons possible for an amino acid!
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What brings the amino acid to the ribosome to make proteins during translation?
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Translation #2 400 tRNA brings 1 Amino Acid
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How many different codons are there? How many different amino acids are there?
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Translation #2 500 Different codons Different amino acids
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What is a gene mutation? Not a real picture
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Change in nucleotide sequence Mutations for 100
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Of the following mutations, which one of these is not a gene mutation? Substitution Deletion Insertion Inversion Gene mutation in mice.
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Mutations for 200 Substitution = Point Mutation (gene) Deletion = Frame Shift Mutation (gene) Insertion = Frame Shift Mutation (gene) Inversion = Chromosomal Mutation I bet he can catch 3x more flies!
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What type of gene mutation is it when a nucleotide is inserted or deleted?
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Mutations for 300 Frame Shift Gene Mutation The amino acid sequence is no longer the same because the codons have shifted
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Name all types of chromosomal mutations
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Mutations for 400
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What genes control the basic plan for where organs and tissues are to go in an embryo?
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Mutations for 500 Hox Genes NOT a real picture!!!
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