1. { Biology Review Game The Super-Fun Game made by a Girl Too Lazy To Write Lesson Plans

2.  Why are cells small?

3.  For the surface area-to-volume ratio. Cells need to be able to get rid of all their waste through the cell membrane. If it were huge, the volume would be too big and not all the waste would get out.

4.  All cells have these 4 qualities

5.  DNA  Ribosomes  Cytosol  Cell Membrane

6.  What do ribosomes do?

7.  Create proteins through translation

8.  What 2 qualities set the mitochondrion apart?

9.  Has it’s own DNA  Reproduces independent of the cell

10.  What is the theory of endosymbiosis?

11.  The theory that at one point the mitochondria was an independent bacteria that came into the cell and started making ATP for it

12.  What is a haploid cell?

13.  A cell that has only one copy of its DNA; used in reproduction

14.  What is a diploid cell?

15.  Has two copies of DNA; used in everything except reproduction

16.  What happens during G1 phase of mitosis?

17.  The cell grows

18.  What happens during S phase in mitosis?

19.  The DNA replicates itself.

20.  What happens in G2 phase of mitosis?

21.  The cell continues to grow

22.  Most of a cell’s life is spent in which phase of mitosis?

23.  Interphase

24.  What are the 4 biological molecules?

25.  Proteins  Lipids  Carbohydrates  Nucleic Acids

26.  What is the main function of carbohydrates?

27.  To provide energy

28.  What is the fundamental carbohydrate and its chemical formula?

29.  Glucose  C 6 H 12 O 6

30.  What is the difference in energy provided by mono/disaccharides and polysaccharides?

31.  Mono/di provide short-term energy  Poly provide complex, long-term energy

32.  How do humans get nitrogen?

33.  Through food

34.  What does DNA stand for?

35.  Deoxyribonucleic acid

36.  Each monomer that makes up a strand of DNA is called a …

37.  nucleotide

38.  What is the structure of DNA?

39.  Double helix

40.  Which bases pairs bond with which?

41.  Adenine-thymine  Cytosine-guanine

42.  What would the matching strand of DNA to CGGATC look like?

43.  GCCTAG

44.  What is the purpose of helicase?

45.  A protein that moves down DNA during the replication process, splitting the hydrogen bonds between base pairs

46.  What enzyme is responsible for matching new base pairs to the old during DNA replication

47.  DNA Polymerase

48.  What are Okazaki fragments?

49.  The segments of the lagging strand of DNA that are copied so that the DNA polymerase does not have to work backwards

50.  What are the 3 types of RNA? (not just the abbreviations)

51.  mRNA (messenger)  tRNA (transfer)  rRNA (ribosomal)

52.  What is the purpose of transcription?

53.  To transfer the information stored on your DNA into mRNA

54.  What do you call the unit of DNA being transcribed?

55.  The transcription unit

56.  What is the name for the nitrogenous base sequence that codes for the start of transcription?

57.  The promoter

58.  What enzyme is responsible for transcribing DNA into mRNA?

59.  RNA polymerase

60.  The RNA polymerase matches nitrogenous bases to the DNA in order to form RNA. Where did these new bases come from?

61.  They were floating around in the nucleus, were once introns

62.  What triggers the RNA polymerase to stop transcribing and pull off?

63.  A nitrogenous base sequence that codes for it, called the termination signal

64.  What proteins are responsible for recognizing the start and end of unneeded mRNA bits that need to be removed?

65.  Snurps

66.  What is the name of the structure that cuts out the unneeded mRNA?

67.  The spliceosome

68.  What is the name for the regions of mRNA that do not get removed?

69.  exons

70.  What is the name for the regions of mRNA that get cut out?

71.  Introns (or dem cocos)

72.  What does the mRNA do after the introns are removed and the exons are spliced together?

73.  The mRNA moves out of the nucleus and into a ribosome

74.  How do ribosomes (rRNA) help with the process of translation?

75.  They contain binding sites that allow the mRNA to interact with the tRNA

76.  What does tRNA do?

77.  Translates mRNA into a poly-peptide chain by matching the codons with their corresponding anticodons and dropping off an amino acid

78.  How many codons are in the following mRNA sequence?  CGUAGAUCG

79. 3333